A significant innovation in the training of doctoral level professional psychologists, attention to diversity, was implemented nearly 3 decades ago and swept across all accredited programs. Regardless of training model, degree type, or theoretical orientation, attention to diversity became a requirement for program accreditation with the intention of fostering important competencies in the emerging workforce who would be serving an increasingly diverse population during their professional careers. However, to date, whether that is what occurred has not been examined. The current study used archival data to examine the association between client racial/ethnic minority (REM) status and early termination from adult individual psychotherapy (N ϭ 638). Multilevel modeling analyses (MLM) revealed that REM clients were more likely to terminate treatment after 1 session than non-REM clients. However, REM status did not account for the total number of sessions attended, nor was it a significant predictor of symptom change during treatment. The findings suggest that training focused specifically on first session competencies, such as treatment engagement, with REM clients is strongly needed. More broadly, the findings underscore the importance of examining innovations following implementation to determine whether the intended effects are observed or if refinements may be needed. Clinical Impact StatementRacial/ethnic minority (REM) clients terminate psychotherapy after the first session significantly more often than non-REM clients. However, if REM clients are retained beyond that critical first session, neither the length of treatment (i.e., number of sessions) nor overall change in symptom distress across the course of treatment significantly differ from non-REM clients. The findings suggest need for innovation in developing needed skills and competencies to effectively engage REM clients during the very first session.

We give mild conditions for the existence of optimal solutions for a Markov decision problem with average cost, under m constraints of the same kind, in Borel actions and states spaces. Moreover, there is an optimal policy that is a convex combination of at most m + 1 deterministic policies.

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This paper presents an innovative tool and method that allow efficient innovation of shape and topology of virtual parts at both mesh and CAD levels using optimization methods. The method consists of automatic variations of shapes in CAD/CAE environments that allow effective search for new shapes that are not considered initially by designers.

In this paper we consider a non-cooperative N players differential game affected by deterministic uncertainties. Sufficient conditions for the existence of a robust feedback Nash equilibrium are presented in a set of min-max forms of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations. Such conditions are then used to find the robust Nash controls for a linear affine quadratic game affected by a square integrable uncertainty, which is seen as a malicious fictitious player trying to maximize the cost function of each player. The approach allows us to find robust strategies in the solution of a group of coupled Riccati differential equation. The finite, as well as infinite, time horizon cases are solved for this last game. As an illustration of the approach, the problem of the coordination of a two-echelon supply chain with seasonal uncertain fluctuations in demand is developed.