BackgroundThe study was conducted to evaluate the frequencies of the anatomic variations and the gender distributions of these variations of the pancreatic duct and their relevance with the Cambridge classification system as morphological sign of chronic pancreatitis using magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP).Patients and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed 1312 consecutive patients who referred to our department for MRCP between January 2013 and August 2015. We excluded 154 patients from the study because of less than optimal results due to imaging limitations or a history of surgery on pancreas. Finally a total of 1158 patients were included in the study.ResultsAmong the 1158 patients included in the study, 54 (4.6%) patients showed pancreas divisum, 13 patients (1.2%) were defined as ansa pancreatica. When we evaluated the course of the pancreatic duct, we found the prevalence 62.5% for descending, 30% for sigmoid, 5.5% for vertical and 2% for loop. The most commonly observed pancreatic duct configuration was Type 3 in 528 patients (45.6%) where 521 patients (45%) had Type 1 configuration.ConclusionsVertical course (p = 0.004) and Type 2 (p = 0.03) configuration of pancreatic duct were more frequent in females than males. There were no statistically significant differences between the gender for the other pancreatic duct variations such as pancreas divisium, ansa pancreatica and course types other than vertical course (p > 0.05 for all). Variants of pancreas divisum and normal pancreatic duct variants were not associated with morphologic findings of chronic pancreatitis by using the Cambridge classification system. The ansa pancreatica is a rare type of anatomical variation of the pancreatic duct, which might be considered as a predisposing factor to the onset of idiopathic pancreatitis.

Circulating adipsin levels are significantly higher in women with PCOS, and the peptide is closely related to increased cardiovascular risk and metabolic disturbances.

Circulating endocan levels are significantly higher in women with PCOS and endocan is independently associated with cIMT. Elevated endocan levels can be a predictor of increased cardiovascular risk in PCOS subjects.

PCOS subjects exhibited an elevation in circulating INSL5 levels along with a link between INSL5 level induction and metabolic-hormonal parameters.

Background It is important for surgical purposes to know the biliary tract anatomy and its variations in detail. The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of anatomical variations of the biliary tract at hepatic bifurcation level and also at cystic duct level using magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). Methods A total of 1041 patients (between 16 and 102 years of age, 600 women 441 men with mean age of 60.6) were included in the study. The MRCP imaging was carried out with a 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device by using heavily T2-weighted sequences. Results Among the 1041 patients included in the study, 424 (40.7 %) showed anatomical variations at different levels of the biliary tree, and 12 of these patients (1.15 %) had two anatomical variations. Typical anatomy was present in 57.2 % of the females and 62.1 % males. The highest incidence of variation at the level of bifurcation was trifurcation with 133 patients (12.8 %) and at the level of cystic duct was the medial cystic duct insertion with 56 patients (5.37 %). Conclusions Trifurcation and medial cystic duct insertion seem to be more frequent in females compared to males. It is necessary to have the knowledge of these variations to avoid possible complications and also help to achieve the most effective result. MRCP