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The present study was conducted to investigate the protective action of Salvia officinalis flowers aqueous extract (SOFAE) against combined gastro-intestinal (GI) disorders-induced by ethanol and castor oil administration in rats. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups of ten each and various doses of SOFAE (50, 100, and 200 mg kg−1, b.w., p.o.) and sulfasalazine (100 mg kg−1, b.w., p.o.) were daily administrated during 15 days. After, animals were intoxicated with a single oral administration of ethanol (4 g kg−1, b.w., p. o.) and castor oil (5 mL kg−1, b.w., p.o.). We found that SOFAE contains several phytoactive compounds with a strong ABTS scavenging ability. In vivo, we showed that SOFAE protected against EtOH/CO-induced macroscopic and histological alterations in GI tract accompanied by intestinal fluid accumulation and gastric juice decrease. SOFAE significantly counteracted lipoperoxydation increase and reversed the depletion of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. More importantly, SOFAE significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory markers (CRP and ALP) in plasma and mucosal GI tract. In conclusion, our data clearly indicate that the SOFAE exerted a potential protective effect against EtOH-induced peptic ulcer combined with CO-induced diarrhea in rats. These effects could be associated with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

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Tunisia is a country that is characterized by the diversity of its climate which allows the proliferation of many of its plants that are rich in bioactive substances and that help bring strong values as they can also be used in the fields of animal or human nutrition. In this context, we were interested in going through the physiochemical study and the antioxidant activities as well as the digestibility of the Moringa oleifera L. leaves that are refined in the Mornag region. To achieve this, we have created the physicochemical characterization of the plant (DM, MM, OM, CP, and FAT), the parietal carbohydrate content, the quantification of the phenolic compounds and the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the Aqueous extracted after doing the DPPH test. Our results have proved that the Moringa oleifera leaves are rich in the mineral material (9.8 ± 0.06% DM) and in total protein (54.68 ± 0.4). The colorimetric dosage by maceration extraction, and by the use of two solvents, has shown us a change in the total polyphones content in favor of methanol (236.66 ± 1.53 mg EAG / g DM). On the other hand, the distilled water was characterized with a much higher capacity in extraction than that of methanol for the flavonoids. Hence, the study of antioxidant activity has also shown that the Moringa Oleifera leaves have a significant antioxidant power (IC50 = 137.65 μg / ml). In fact, the In vitro fermentation by the ruminal microbiota of ruminants has revealed that the total gas production generated by the anaerobic degradation, has the lowest value (30.33 ml) among sheep, while the highest volume (59.16 ml) was to be observed among goats. Similarly to this, the digestibility results of OM, VFA and ME has shown that the studied substrate was more digestible among goats than it was among sheep. These valuable results on Moringa can be used in the field of both pharmacology and animal nutrition because the Moringa leaves represent a feeding source of a high nutritional quality for the ruminants.

In the previous half-century, natural rock phosphates (PN) have been a valuable alternative for phosphorus (P) fertilizer for sustainable agriculture; furthermore, phosphogypsum (PG) has been widely used as a soil amendment fertilizer since it improves some soil properties, increases crop yields, and represents an environmental concern that can make a good economic profit; this research aimed to study the effects of microbial consortia of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) on the solubilization of PN and PG in the soil, and their effects on promoting plant growth and nutrient assimilation using ryegrass as a plant model. Local supply of PG with Pseudomonas fluorescens (MW165744) significantly increases root proliferation and plant biomass dry weight compared to other isolates, as well as improves total P uptake, with a maximum value of 62.31 mg/pot. The opposite occurred in mixing inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pantoea agglomerans (MW165752) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (MW221274), with a negligible total P assimilation of 5.39 mg/pot. Whereas the addition of Pseudomonas agglomerans with PG gave outstanding total P absorption of 57.05 mg/pot when compared with PN input of 38.06 mg/pot. Finally, the results prove that the co-inoculation of Pseudomonas fluorescens with PG could be a promising and alternative option to use it as a source of P fertilizer for plants and to maintain a high level of nutrients in the soil.