This paper reviews a brief portion of the literature on code switching in sociology, linguistic anthropology, and sociolinguistics, and suggests a definition of the term for sociocultural analysis. Code switching is defined as the practice of selecting or altering linguistic elements so as to contextualize talk in interaction. This contextualization may relate to local discourse practices, such as turn selection or various forms of bracketing, or it may make relevant information beyond the current exchange, including knowledge of society and diverse identities.

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This paper is based on ethnographic field work carried out between 2005 and 2009 in Japan with a language learning group called Hippo Family Club. Club member-learners attempt to acquire multiple languages at the same time through pseudo-natural immersion which treats language as play. As a result of this approach, members tend to develop novice-level abilities in a large number of languages.