Singlet
oxygen (1O2) has been widely produced
utilizing nanostructure-based photocatalysts, purposed for photodynamic
therapy (PDT), wastewater treatment, and photo-oxygenation reactions.
A rational design of heterogeneous photocatalysts is important for
a high 1O2 quantum yield under visible-light
or near-infrared irradiation. The present review provides insights
for graphene-based photocatalyst design by summarizing the mechanism
and fundamental aspects of 1O2 sensitization,
as well as offers a summary of experimental realization. Subsequently,
we go through works done on light-driven 1O2 sensitization utilizing graphitic carbon nitride, carbon dots, graphene
quantum dots, and graphene oxide, as well as immobilized organic dyes
on polymeric and silica supports, followed by their applications.
Moreover, the effect of surface passivation, hybridization with other
materials, doping with metal or nonmetal atoms, plasmonic fields,
and self-assembly aggregation on the 1O2 quantum
yield and 1O2 enhancement factor is discussed.
We also provide perspectives for the 1O2 sensitization
including applying machine learning (ML) to optimize the plasmonic
field and 1O2 quantum yield.
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