Preeclampsia is one of the common causes of maternal and foetal morbidities and mortalities. Its incidence is 4-8% of pregnancies. Preeclampsia is defined as the triad of hypertension, proteinuria and oedema occurring after 20 weeks gestation in previously normotensive women. Interestingly, variable serum calcium, magnesium and uric acid levels are found in preeclampsia. The data was collected from normal pregnant women and pre-eclamptic women who were admitted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Samples were collected before commencement of medication and were analysed colorimetrically for calcium, magnesium and uric acid. In preeclamptic women Serum calcium, Serum Magnesium were found to be significantly lower (p<0.001) and Serum Uric acid was significantly higher (p<0.001) when compared to normal pregnant women. The findings support that Hypocalcaemia, Hypomagnesaemia and Hyperuricemia correlate to preeclampsia.Preeclampsia is one of the common causes of maternal and foetal morbidities and mortalities. Its incidence is 4-8% of pregnancies. Preeclampsia is defined as the triad of hypertension, proteinuria and oedema occurring after 20 weeks gestation in previously normotensive women. The pathophysiological mechanism is characterized by an increased vascular resistance of the uterine artery and decreased perfusion of placenta. However, the exact aetiology of preeclampsia is still unknown. The results from many studies show the relationship between aggravation of the hypertensive complication and change in concentration of various chemistries in mother's serum. Interestingly, variable serum calcium, magnesium and uric acid levels are found in preeclampsia. On the physiological basis, calcium plays an important role in muscle contraction and regulation of water balance in cells. Modification of plasma calcium concentration leads to the alteration of blood pressure. The lowering of serum calcium and the increase of intracellular calcium can cause an elevation of blood pressure in pre-eclamptic mothers. The serum magnesium also decreases in women with pre-eclampsia. Generally, magnesium has been known as an essential cofactor for many enzyme systems. It also plays an important role in neurochemical transmission and peripheral vasodilatation. Magnesium sulphate appears to be safe and effective for the prevention of seizures and has been used as the drug of choice in severe eclampsia

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming one of the most common liver diseases among the Indian population. The predisposing factors for NAFLD are diet, lifestyle modifications, and lack of exercise. There is a paucity of research on NAFLD in the South Indian population. Hence, the present study aimed to assess the prevalence of NAFLD among the urban adult population in Chennai. Material and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in General Medicine outpatient departments at a tertiary care center in Chennai. The study included 510 non-alcoholic adults (both male and female) aged between 21 and 40 years. Ultrasonography was performed to rule out fatty liver in all participants. All the results obtained were statistically analyzed using SPSS software version 22.0. The frequency was given in percentage. Results: The proportion of participants who screened positive for NAFLD was 61.5%. The participants with higher body mass index (BMI) were found to be significantly 23.09 times higher risk of developing NAFLD. An increase in age was also found to be a predictor of NAFLD. This study also supports that males are more prone to develop NAFLD and are at a 1.59% higher risk of developing the disease than females. Conclusion: Fatty liver has become one of the common non-communicable diseases in India, the high prevalence of NAFLD in the present study supports it. Therefore, people should have regular screening and diagnosis to rule out fatty liver disease. Proper diet patterns and exercise must be followed to prevent fatty liver.

Introduction and Aim: CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease) is a problem in health care spread all over the world with adverse consequences. CKD is associated with premature atherosclerosis and increased morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular complications. Hypertriglyceridemia is a commonly seen lipid abnormality in CKD patients. PON-1 (Paraoxanase-1) is a glycoprotein synthesized in the liver and is released into the blood, where it links with HDL. This study was undertaken to find out the relation between PON-1 and HDL-C and its effect on atherosclerosis.  Materials and Methods: A total number of 123 subjects participated in the study. Serum was used for estimating the parameters such as serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) by calculation, creatinine, urea in a fully automated analyzer BS300. Serum paraoxonase-1(PON) was estimated by spectrophotometric method. Results: The metabolic derangement was very evident in the CKD group with significantly higher creatinine, urea, and dyslipidemia, and abnormal paraoxonase activity being observed in the cases compared to controls.  Conclusion: This study suggests the need for assessing PON-1 activity, a measure of the antioxidant capacity of HDL-C which improves the predictive accuracy of atherosclerosis in CKD.

Introduction: Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is a serious life threatening condition having a high mortality and morbidity rate. Hence, early detection and appropriate treatment is essential. Clinically Troponin I and Creatinine Kinase Myocardial Band (CK-MB) are currently used to detect AMI. But its rise in blood concentrations is seen only after 4-6 hours after the onset of AMI. Clinical research shows that Heart-type Fatty Acid Binding Protein (H-FABP), a novel biomarker, is beneficial in the early detection of AMI. Aim: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of H-FABP and compare with the existing blood biochemical markers, such as Troponin I and CK-MB, in the early detection of AMI in south Indian population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, south Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, from March 2017 to April 2019. A total of 50 participants, aged between 40-75 years, and diagnosed with ST elevation myocardial infarction presenting within 24 hours to the emergency room were included. Serum was collected during the time of admission (0 hour), between 4-6 hours from the time of admission and between 12-24 hours from the time of admission for estimation of cardiac specific biomarkers such as cardiac troponin I, H-FABP, CK-MB. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the cardiac-specific biomarkers were calculated using Receiving Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. Results: There were 38 males and 12 females, with a mean age of 62.1±4.7 years. The sensitivity of H-FABP at the time of admission (0 hour) was 88%, 78% between 4-6 hours of admission, and 42% between 12-24 hours of admission. At 0 hour, the sensitivity of H-FABP (88%) was high compared to cardiac troponin I (43%) and CK-MB (40%). The accuracy of H-FABP and cTnI was equal (80% each) at the time of admission. At 4-6 hours after admission, cardiac troponin I showed higher sensitivity, specificity and accuracy compared to H-FABP. ROC analysis showed the Area Under the Curve (AUC) for H-FABP was higher (0.81) compared to cardiac troponin I and CK-MB. Conclusion: H-FABP was found to be more sensitive compared to cardiac troponin I or CK-MB in AMI patients. Hence, early diagnosis of AMI is made possible with the H-FABP measurements.

Introduction: Coronary artery disease is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases that affects both men and women worldwide. Chronic inflammation and mineral nutrient deficiency, in addition to diet and sedentary lifestyle, contribute to this disease. The purpose of this study is to look at the relationship between serum ferritin, serum vitamin D levels, and serum lipid profile in patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Methods: The research was carried out at the Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute in Puducherry. A standardised health questionnaire was distributed to study participants, which included 30 patients with Coronary Artery Disease (cases) and 30 healthy controls. It detailed current and previous medication use, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. Subjects were chosen based on their responses to study-related questions. For both cases and controls, means and standard deviations (SD) were computed. To determine the relationship between the parameters, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation were used, and it was used to find the statistical significance and correlation of Serum Ferritin, Serum Vitamin D, and Serum Lipid Profile among both groups. Results: The serum ferritin levels among cases (208.87±143.01 µg/lit) were found to be high when compared to controls (99.52 ± 61.19 µg/lit) with a significant p value of 0.0003. The Serum vitamin D value of cases (21.14 ± 12.9 ng/dl) was low when compared to controls (56.54 ± 18.88 ng/dl) with a significant p value of 0.0000. Serum LDL of cases (129.1 ± 26.91 mg/dl) were found to be higher than controls (105.1 ± 25.43 mg/dl). HDL of cases (33.83±6.82mg/dl) was found to be lower than controls (49.53±6.12 mg/dl). Conclusion: Altered lipid profile with low HDL-C, high LDL-C, and high LDL-C/HDL-C suggested an increased risk for CAD. Low vitamin D levels were also associated with a higher risk for CAD. According to this study, CAD patients had high serum ferritin levels, low serum vitamin D levels, and an altered lipid profile status.