OSA had no significant effect on serum BDNF, cortisol, triglyceride, or total cholesterol levels while LDL-c and HDL-c levels in OSA patients compared to control were significantly different at p = 0.04, and p = 0.008, respectively.

UPF is a safe and effective procedure that results in long-term success for OSA. However, a regular follow-up is important because some patients will relapse in the long term.

This study demonstrates that OSA is a common problem in the Thai adult population as in Western and other Asian countries. Understanding and treatment may be essential to reduce the risk of related medical problems.

Successful results of palatal implants in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have been reported in the short term; however, there are limited data in the long-term results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term results and to determine factors that predicted the responders in patients undergoing palatal implants in the treatment of OSA. A study was undertaken on 92 OSA patients. Palatal implants were conducted to stiffen the soft palate and data were analyzed. Patients tolerated the procedure well. They were examined between 26 and 32 months after the operation (mean 28.9 ± 4.8). Age range was 25-65 years (38.4 ± 10.5) and BMI was 27.3 ± 2.4 kg/m. The mean preoperative ESS score was 12.3 ± 2.6 and long-term ESS was 7.9 ± 1.8 (p < 0.001). The mean VAS for snoring in the baseline was 8.2 ± 1.2 and long-term VAS was 3.8 ± 2.3 (p < 0.001). The mean preoperative LSAT and long-term LSAT were 87.4 ± 6.7 and 89.2 ± 4.8%, respectively (p < 0.01). The mean AHI decreased from 21.7 ± 6.8 to 10.8 ± 4.8 (p < 0.001). Forty-eight (52.2%) patients had long-term surgical response. Responders had significantly lower preoperative BMI, AHI, and MMP level than non-responders. Implant extrusion occurred in seven patients (7.6%) and palatal abscess in one patient (1.1%). Bleeding and airway obstruction were not encountered. Palatal implants in carefully selected patients suffering from mild OSA, give fairly good long-term results and have a low complication rate.

Successful results of genioglossus advancement and hyoid myotomy with suspension (GAHM) in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) have been reported. However, there have been few studies of long-term results. Forty-six patients with hypopharyngeal obstruction underwent GAHM. Patients had a mean age of 40.1 +/- 4.2 years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 28.9 +/- 2.1 kg/m(2). The mean follow-up was 39.4 +/- 5.7 months with a range of 37 to 46 months. The mean pre-operative RDI, short-term RDI, and long-term RDI were 47.9 +/- 8.4, 14.2 +/- 3.9, 18.6 +/- 4.1, respectively. The mean post-operative LSAT, short-term LSAT, and long-term LSAT were 81.2 per cent +/- 2.9 per cent, 88.8 per cent +/- 2.7 per cent and 87.2 per cent +/- 3.1 per cent, respectively. The change in BMI was significantly different in the patients with, and without, recurrence (2.1 +/- 0.3 vs 0.4 +/- 0.2.kg/m(2), <0.05). Thirty (65.2 per cent) patients had long-term clinical success, and six (16.7 per cent) patients with short-term success failed long-term. GAHM appears to be an effective procedure and results in long-term success. However, patients with weight gain are at risk of recurrence.