The application of the kerma-area product (PKA) meter is increased rapidly in dosimetry. This study presents measurements of PKA in adherence to the International Atomic Energy Agency protocol for 300 adult patients in digital radiographic procedures. Effective doses (ED) were calculated from PKA measurements and conversion coefficients (E-103/PKA) obtained from the International Commission on radiological protection 103. In skull posteroanterior (PA), skull lateral (LAT), cervical spine anteroposterior (AP), cervical spine LAT, chest PA, abdomen AP, lumbar spine AP, pelvis AP and lumbar spine LAT, the third-quartile PKA values were found to be 0.2, 0.28, 0.33, 0.19, 0.26, 0.95, 0.93, 0.96 and 3.15 Gycm2, and estimated mean EDs were 0.005, 0.008, 0.056, 0.021, 0.037, 0.146, 0.165, 0.097 and 0.258 mSv, respectively. The third-quartile PKA values were suggested as local diagnostic reference levels (LDRLs). Results were compared with the diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) of the UK, the European Commission, previously published LDRLs in Greece and China by Metaxas et al. and Zhang and Chu, respectively. The PKA (third-quartile) value for cervical spine AP was 120% higher than UK 2010 DRLs, lumbar spine LAT was 123% higher than LDRLs given by Metaxas et al. and chest PA was 160% higher than UK 2010 DRLs and 225% higher than Metaxas et al. provided LDRLs. The PKA results were lower than the UK, and two studies in Greece by Metaxas et al. except for chest PA, cervical spine AP and lumbar spine LAT showed the need for further optimization. The LDRLs reported in this study may further contribute to establishing future national DRLs.

No abstract

No abstract

The investigation intended to quantify lumbar lordotic and lumbosacral Angle (LLA) in patients with lower back pain. The examination was completed on 54 patients with chronic low back pain, in a multispecialty hospital in India, over a period of 6 months for lumbosacral lateral radiographs. The lumbar lordotic angles were measured by Ferguson's technique. The age group ranged from 21-65 years with the weight range of 33 to 88 kg, height range of 133 to 182 cm, and BMI range of 15.2 to 36.6 (Kg/ m2). The mean weight, height, and BMI were 59.8 kg, 159.1 cm, 23.7 kg/m2 respectively. The overall range of peak kilovoltage was 60 to 75 kVp. The mAs range was 53 to 78. The mean lumbar lordotic angle (LLA) of the study population was 50.1 degrees with a range of 23 to 68 degrees.

Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)in emergency assessment of stroke in brain imaging from the review of literature. Method: Relevant databases (PubMed, google scholar etc.) were searched and literature were reviewed from 1995 to 2019. Literature from non-Scopus and unauthorized authorizations was excluded.Result: It was observed that for MRI DWI (Diffusion-weighted imaging) is preferred and in CT, axial sections are opted. In earlier studies, it was seen that neither CT nor MRI came out to besuperior. This may be due to the previous technology used. Some studies also, suggested that Diffusion-weighted imaging is highly accurate in diagnosis of stroke and also superior to CT. Another study suggested that SWI is a new approach in visualizing the hemorrhage in acute stroke. On one hand, evidence revealed that MRI is as good as CT. While on the other hand, literature concluded that CT angiography is good for intracranial and extracranial vasculature. Some studies suggested that CT is more reliable and is readily available for stroke. Conclusion: Present study concludes that both diagnostic imaging modalities i.e., CT and MRI have their advantages in diagnosis of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Also chances of stroke increases with increase in age. Other factors influencing the stroke diagnosis and treatment are type of stroke, diagnostic imaging modality available, and cost-effectiveness of diagnostic exams performed.