IntroductionLimited access to essential medicines (EMs) for treating chronic diseases is a major challenge in low-income and middle-income countries. Although India is the largest manufacturer of generic medicines, there is a paucity of information on availability, price and affordability of anti-neoplastic EMs, which this study evaluates.MethodsUsing a modified WHO/Health Action International methodology, data were collected on availability and price of 33 strength-specific anti-neoplastic EMs and 4 non-cancer EMs. Seven ‘survey anchor’ hospitals (4 public and 3 private) and 32 private-sector retail pharmacies were surveyed. Median price ratios (MPRs) were calculated by comparing consumer prices with international reference prices (IRPs).ResultsOn average, across survey anchor areas (hospital and private-sector retail pharmacies combined), the mean availability of anti-neoplastic EMs and non-cancer medicines was 70% and 100%, respectively. Mean availability of anti-neoplastic EMs was 38% in private-sector retail pharmacies, 43% in public hospital pharmacies and 71% in private hospital pharmacies. Median MPR of lowest-priced generic versions was 0.71 in retail pharmacies. The estimated cost of chemotherapy medicines needed for treating a 30 kg child with standard-risk leukaemia was INR 27 850 (US$442) and INR 17 500 (US$278) for Hodgkin’s lymphoma, requiring 88 and 55 days’ wages, respectively, for the lowest paid government worker.ConclusionMost anti-neoplastic EMs are found in survey anchor areas, however, mean availability was less than non-cancer medicines; not meeting the WHO target of 80%. Medicine prices were relatively low in New Delhi compared with IRPs. However, the cost of chemotherapy medicines seems unaffordable in the local context.

Depression is one of the most commonly encountered conditions in women's health, but many providers lack the knowledge and skills needed to identify and manage depression in primary care settings. This article discusses strategies that can improve the identification and treatment of depression. In addition, it describes how these strategies were incorporated into an urban inner-city health center. These strategies used in this setting can be adapted for use in either comprehensive health care centers or in practices providing primarily obstetric and gynecologic services.

Networking components and technologies is continuously proving their presence in various core areas of business like IT, Health Care, Stocks, and Emergencies with Military systems. It is possible by applying multiple system phenomenons of compatibility, interoperability and integration of different categories of devices and users. As the usage of information is increasing the transaction and data security needs to be provided effectively. It will serve as a critical and important task which assures data protection. This unexpected and frequent changes in the system is measured which gives a direction of vulnerable behaviour and the criticality of affecting the process. Accessing this information through actual network conditions and changes for improving the security is comes under the area of situational awareness system. This work proposes a novel ICARFAD (Information Collection, Assessment and Response, Feedback and Alerts Decisions) based situation awareness mechanism which gathers current network condition and clearly defines the boundaries by which security solutions can be designed effectively. It reflects all the changes made in configurations and methods taken as a security measures by maintaining a database which later on used to make the decisions for network security improvements. It also makes the visualization of attack conditions by making the graphs and plots which greatly improves the rate and the quality measures of persons or machines decision making. General TermsNetwork Security Situation Awareness (NSSA)

Objective. This study evaluates a video-feedback program's effectiveness in promoting responsive and sensitive parenting for families in care in a community health center located in the South Bronx, New York City. Methods. Change in measures of parent responsiveness/ sensitivity (Global Rating Scale), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7), and parenting stress (Parenting Stress Index-Short Form) were analyzed for mother-infant dyads (N=34) completing a six-session videofeedback program between 2014 and 2016. Results. Participants were primarily mothers of color (30% African American; 63% Hispanic) with young infants (mean age 8 months). At program completion, mothers demonstrated a significant improvement of 19% in maternal responsiveness and fewer depressive and anxious symptoms. Conclusion. Cost-effectiveness studies are needed to compare parenting interventions by setting (community health center, home, or mental health facility) for acceptability and effectiveness to determine best practice models for communities challenged by poverty, trauma, and health disparities.

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