Deployment of sensors in any irregular terrain with 100% coverage and connectivity is a challenging issue in the field of Wireless Sensor Networks. Traditional deployments often assume homogeneous environments, which ignore the effect of terrain profile as well as the in-network obstacles situated randomly like buildings, trees, roads and so on. Proper deployment of sensors in such irregular region and its corresponding routing is one of the most fundamental challenges of Wireless Sensor Networks. In this work, we have considered that the terrain is irregular in shape and there may be obstacles within the terrain in any random position with any random shape, which is the reality in real world. With this novel framework, we have shown that an opti-mum deployment can be achieved in such irregular terrain without compromising coverage as well as con-nectivity between the sensor nodes for effective routing

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In the recent decades, computer science and engineering has found an emerging research domain in data communication network field, the WSN. WSN applications are generally deployed in fields where uninterrupted supervisions are required. In WSN applications, thousands of energy-constrained sensor nodes are used to sense the data from the deployed environment and transmit the sensed data to the base station (BS). Recent advances in wireless sensor networks lead to rapid development of real-time applications. The requirement of low latency in communication and maximum utilization of node's battery power are becoming more and more important issues in emerging applications especially in fire monitoring, medical care, battle field surveillance, etc. The cluster-based routing protocols can improve the energy life of the sensors and hence can prolong the entire network lifetime but uneven load distribution among the clusters, and static BS may lead to energy hole problem to the entire communication network. In this paper, we present a novel real-time energy-efficient routing protocol in a different way so that real-time communication is achieved by allowing low latency, but it must not incur infinite bounded waiting for the non-real-time regular data communications. This paper also considers mobile sink node to avoid the energy hole problem.