Ni has applications in batteries, microchips, aerospace, medical equipment, power generation, and automotive industries but corrosion, erosion, and wear can destruct the surface and make it inept for the applications mentioned above. Carbonaceous reinforcements of carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene, diamond, diamond‐like carbon, and fullerene have supplemented the performance of Ni coatings. Electrochemical (ED) and electrophoretic deposition (EPD) are widely used techniques to deposit coating. This review encompasses an overview of research progress in the domain of ED and EPD of Ni with carbonaceous reinforcements along with the influencing parameters, mechanism of deposition, description of types, and potential applications of carbonaceous reinforcements. The ample depiction on mechanical, tribological, and electrochemical properties reveals an amended hardness (610 Hv), elastic modulus (240 GPa), wear resistance (wear rate ≈2 × 10−5 mm3 N m−1) and corrosion resistance (Icorr = 0.398 µA cm−2) of Ni‐carbonaceous deposit coatings. Nonetheless, the interconnection of experimental evaluations along with the theoretical studies using first‐principles density functional theory, ab initio, and computational simulations can also deliver a new insight to structural stability, electronic properties, and interfacial mechanism of Ni‐carbonaceous coatings. Thus, this review in detail presents the correlative narration of experimental and theoretical studies of Ni‐carbonaceous depositions that provide multifunctional and prominent research direction on multifunctional coatings.

Blood is one of the most assessable matrices for the determination of pesticide residue exposure in humans. Effective sample preparation/cleanup of biological samples is very important in the development of a sensitive, reproducible, and robust method. In the present study, a simple, cost-effective, and rapid gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated for simultaneous analysis of 31 multiclass (organophosphates, organochlorines, and synthetic pyrethroids) pesticide residues in human plasma by means of a mini QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method. We have adopted a modified version of the QuEChERS method, which is primarily used for pesticide residue analysis in food commodities. The QuEChERS method was optimized by use of different extraction solvents and different amounts and combinations of salts and sorbents (primary-secondary amines and C) for the dispersive solid-phase extraction step. The results show that a combination of ethyl acetate with 2% acetic acid, magnesium sulfate (0.4 g), and solid-phase extraction for sample cleanup with primary-secondary amines (50 mg) per 1-mL volume of plasma is the most suitable for generating acceptable results with high recoveries for all multiclass pesticides from human plasma. The mean recovery ranged from 74% to 109% for all the analytes. The limit of quantification and limit of detection of the method ranged from 0.12 to 13.53 ng mL and from 0.04 to 4.10 ng mL respectively. The intraday precision and the interday precision of the method were 6% or less and 11% or less respectively. This method would be useful for the analysis of a wide range of pesticides of interest in a small volume of clinical and/or forensic samples to support biomonitoring and toxicological applications. Graphical Abstract Pesticide residues analysis in human plasma using mini QuEChERS method.

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