Background: Understanding of physiological adaptations of normal pregnancy remains a major goal of obstetrics, and without such knowledge, it is almost impossible to understand disease processes that can threaten women during pregnancy. Aim of this study is to evaluate changes in serum liver function tests in normal pregnant women in first, second and third trimester. Methods: A hospital based cross sectional in vitro study conducted at Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad (India). A study consists of 150 pregnant women and 50 matched control. Among the 150 pregnant women, 50 were in first trimester, 50 were in second trimester and 50 were in third trimester. Serum sample was taken and assessed for routine liver function tests. Results: Serum total and direct bilirubin concentrations were significantly lower in second and third trimester. Serum ALT and AST activity was slightly but significantly increased in third trimester. Serum ALP activity was significantly higher in second and third trimester. ALP activity increases as pregnancy advances. Serum GGT values were significantly lowers in third trimester. No significant change in serum total proteins concentration, but serum albumin concentration was significantly lower and serum globulin concentration was significantly higher in all three trimester. Serum albumin/globulin ratio was significantly reduced in second and third trimester. Conclusion: Such changes in in liver function tests during normal pregnancy can be misinterpreted as pathological and can also unmask or worsen preexisting disease. So the identification and understanding of these physiological changes in pregnancy is important for the diagnosis of liver diseases during pregnancy.

Context: Indians are prone as a community to coronary artery disease (CAD) at a much younger age. CAD is affecting Indians 5-10 years earlier than other communities. Lipoprotein (a) (Lp (a)) is now recognized as an independent risk factor for CAD. It is a genetic risk factor. Aim: We evaluate the Lp (a) in young patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Settings and design: Study population consisted of 50 patients having MI and 50 control groups. Subjects and Methods: Fasting samples were collected from patients and were analyzed for Lp (a), lipid profi le, and blood sugar on fully automated analyzer. Statistical analysis used: Statistical analysis is carried out by using Student's t-test. Results: The difference in total cholesterol (P = 0.8192), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (P = 0.11), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (P = 0.8143), triglyceride (P = 0.1177) levels, and total cholesterol/HDLcholesterol ratio (P = 0.2129) were observed between the case and control groups in this study was not statistically signifi cant. The difference in the Lp (a) levels between the case and control groups was highly signifi cant (P-value = 0.0001). Conclusions:This study demonstrated that in young patients with MI there was a male predominance. Lp (a) level is an important and independent risk factor for CAD. Serum Lp (a) level is not dependent on serum total cholesterol level.

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Dyslipidemia is one of the imperial factors in determining the risk of cardiovascular disease, which is often associated with obesity. Body mass index (BMI), the most applicable anthropometric measure, is a general adiposity predictor, whereas waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were established as measures of abdominal adiposity. Total 148 medical students, age between 17-20 years were enrolled in this cross sectional study. BMI and WHR were obtained by measuring Weight, height, WC, and hip circumference (HC). Triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured by the International Federation of clinical chemistry (IFCC) approved enzymatic colorimetric methods. Statistically significant positive correlations were observed between BMI and indices of different lipid parameters namely TG, TC, TC/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C. Similar statistical significances were also observed when WC and WHR were compared with lipid indices. From the findings, it could be inferred that BMI is used as non-invasive alternative for lipid indices and atherogenic parameters in medical students as compare to other markers of obesity assessment.

To study the effect of oral iron chelator on serum ferritin level in patients with thalassemia major, we see the dose and frequency of oral iron chelator and its effect on serum ferritin and BT (Blood transfusion) iron overload. Patients with thalassemia with 5-18 year of age are taken in our study. Total numbers of patients taken are 50.1 Group is with BT iron overload of 0.2-0.3mg/kg/day is given oral iron chelator in the dose 20mg/kg/day & serum ferritin should be <1500ng/ml. 2 group is with BT iron overload of >0.3mg/kg/day is given oral iron chelator in the dose 30mg/kg/day & serum ferritin should be >1500ng/ml. Oral iron chelator is given according to serum ferritin level which is done at frequent intervals. Oral iron chelator is given as per serum ferritin level and maximum dose of oral iron chelator is 40 mg/kg/day. We study the dose of oral iron chelator, change in serum ferritin level and its effects on BT iron overload. Number of patients with BT iron overload in the range of 0.2-0.3 mg/kg is n=25(50%) in 1 Group. Number of patients with BT iron overload in the range of >0.3-0.4 mg/kg is n=15(30%) in 2 Group. Number of patients with BT iron overload is more than 0.4 is n=10 (20%) in 3 group. Calculated probability of average dose of oral iron chelator is <0.05 that means it is lower in 1 group than 2 and 3 group. There is significant decrease in serum ferritin level in 3 groups when we compare it with our beginning level (calculated probability <0.05). So, we can say that serum ferritin level is not depend on BT iron overload, but BT iron overload is depend on dose of oral iron chelator. Serum iron concentration is also lowered as there is increase in dose of oral iron chelator. In our study we can say that oral iron chelator which can reduce serum ferritin level maximally was 30 mg/kg/day and showing very less side effects (BT iron overload taken for consideration was 0.3-0.4mg/kg/day). Oral iron chelator should be given less than 30mg/kg/day in patients having less BT frequency and less BT iron overload.