Neuronal/glioneuronal tumors are uncommon neoplasms of the CNS with frequent association with refractory epilepsy. Reports documenting the entire spectrum of neuronal/glioneuronal tumors are scarce in the literature. Zulch et al. from Germany in a large series reported that neuronal/glioneuronal tumors accounted for 0.4% (38/9000 cases) of all brain tumors, with similar incidence reported from Japan (0.4%), with higher incidence from Korea (2.1%). However, data from the Indian subcontinent are lacking. We reviewed 244 cases of neuronal/glioneuronal tumors of the CNS diagnosed over the last decade at our Institute and they constituted 0.86% of all CNS tumors (244/28061) received in that period. Mean age at presentation was 25.06 years (range: 1-75 years) with male preponderance (M:F = 1.54 : 1). The majority occurred in third decade (76 cases, 31.4%), with only few cases occurring beyond fifth decade (13 cases, 5.3%). Ganglioglioma/gangliocytoma (94 cases, 38.52%) was the most frequent followed by central neurocytoma (86 cases, 35.24%), paraganglioma (32 cases, 13.52%), dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNET) (21 cases, 8.6%), desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma/desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma (DIA/DIG) (6 cases, 2.45%), papillary glioneuronal tumor (PGNT) (3 cases, 1.22%) and rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor (RGNT) (1 case, 0.4%). Association with seizures was noted in 40.95% of cases. Glioneuronal tumors are an expanding group of tumors with varying spectra of morphologic patterns and biological behavior. An improved understanding has direct clinical implications for optimizing current treatments and developing novel therapeutic approaches. Although most glioneuronal tumors carry a favorable prognosis, other factors such as inaccessibility to surgical resection and rarely, malignant transformation, make it difficult to accurately predict the biological behavior based on histopathology alone. Reliable prognostic markers remain to be defined.

Background The cavernous sinus is a complex space composed of extradural venous plexus within dural folds. Several important structures like the carotid artery, cranial nerves, and sympathetic nerve fibers traverse through this space. Radiological diagnosis may not be definitive and in the context of discordance between clinical and neuroimaging diagnosis, histopathological evaluation becomes essential for diagnosis and management. Literature on the pathological spectrum of lesions is scarce as, with a shift in the treatment paradigm, most small lesions of cavernous sinus are treated with radiosurgery. However, surgical management still plays a role for larger lesions and in radiologically ambiguous cases for planning the definitive management. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed all surgically resected lesions of the cavernous sinus over the last two decades (1998–2019). The clinical presentation, neuroimaging features, and histopathological findings were reviewed. Lesions extending from sella and other adjacent areas were excluded. Results Thirty-eight cases of isolated cavernous sinus mass lesions were diagnosed over the last two decades (1998–2019). Cavernous hemangiomas (19 cases, 50%) constituted the most frequent pathology, followed by aspergilloma, meningioma, schwannoma, metastatic adenocarcinoma, chondrosarcoma, and chordoma. Overall, 29.4% (10/34) could not be accurately diagnosed on neuroimaging. Of these, four cases of cavernous hemangiomas were mistaken for either meningioma (three cases) or schwannoma (one case). Neither chordoma nor chondrosarcoma was suspected. Conclusion This is the first study in literature, enumerating the pathological and imaging spectrum of surgically resected cavernous sinus lesions. Cavernous hemangiomas, metastases and chordomas, and chondrosarcoma posed the greatest difficulty in diagnosis on neuroimaging and the reasons for the same are analyzed. In the context of clinical and neuroimaging discordance in diagnosis, pathological characterization becomes essential for appropriate and timely management.

Aim: To document a case of lobomycosis and to discuss its epidemiology & diagnosis. Case Report: A 53-year-old male presented with a history of nasal congestion, nasal discharge, and epistaxis following Covid 19 infection. On physical examination, there was necrotic slough in the nasal vestibule near the inferior turbinate. Scrapings and punch biopsy were taken from the lesion. Hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections showed necrotic and mucoid areas with mixed inflammatory cell infiltration and numerous budding yeasts 3- 7μm diameter in singles, and small clusters with single narrow based budding as well as multiple budding including sequential budding forming “chains of yeasts”. A diagnosis of Lobomycosis was made. Yeasts of lobomycosis are often confused with other yeasts such as P. brasiliensis, Candida spp., B. dermatitidis, and Cryptococci, but characteristic ‘sequential budding’ with a ‘chain of yeasts” aid in the final diagnosis. Demonstration of yeasts with characteristic chains either in tissue sections or in potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation of scraped material, exudate, or exfoliative cytology is the mainstay in the diagnosis as the organisms are uncultivable in vitro in culture medium.

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OBJECTIVES:To establish the validity and reliability of imprint cytology and its accuracy in intra operative diagnosis of ovarian tumours and to compare it with the histopathology reports. METHODS: Multiple imprints were taken from 30 surgical specimens of patients suspected of ovarian neoplasms who underwent surgery as primary line therapy at our institution. This was compared with Final pathological diagnoses. We calculated the limits among benign, borderline, and malignant lesions, and analyzed the diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS: 30 cases were studied during this study period from November 2011 to October 2013. 19 (63.3%) cases were benign, 8 cases were malignant (26.7%), 1 (3.3%) case was borderline malignancy and 2 (6.7%) cases were excluded. Overall diagnostic accuracy was 96.4%. CONCLUSION: Imprint cytology is a less expensive, simple and quick method of diagnosis, and is reliable in terms of accuracy to aid decision making intraoperatively.