As a traditional Chinese medicine, C. pilosula has been widely recorded in many ancient books. It has been mainly used for strengthening the spleen, moistening the lung, nourishing blood, engendering fluid, enhancing immune function, and modulating antitumor effect (Bai et al., 2018; Zou et al., 2014). At present, the commonly used polysaccharide extraction methods include hot water extraction, acid-base extraction, and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (Dou et al., 2019; Yilmaz & Sebnem, 2017). These methods have their advantages and disadvantages. We use yeast to grow and use the characteristics of oligosaccharides such as glucose and fructose. After fermenting C. pilosula, the yeast consumes monosaccharides and disaccharides in C.pilosula to improve the extraction efficiency and purity of polysaccharides and explore a new type of polysaccharide extraction method. In this study, RSM was employed to estimate the influence of different extraction parameters (fermentation temperature, time, and yeast addition) on the yields of polysaccharides from C. pilosula. Column chromatography was used to purify water-extracted polysaccharides and fermentation polysaccharides. Then, NMR, FTIR,

In this study, we extracted lotus root polysaccharide (LRP) and synthesised phosphorylated lotus root polysaccharide (PLP) using response surface methodology (RSM). RSM analyses revealed that the optimal conditions for PLP synthesis were a reaction duration of 7 h, temperature of 70 °C and pH of 11.38. Under these conditions, the predicted degree of substitution (DS%) was determined to be 9.96%. The structure of the LRP1 was examined by ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy scan, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) ( 1 H and 13 C). The monosaccharide composition of LRP1 was determined to be mannose (0.12%), ribose(0.18%), glucuronic acid(0.60%), galacturonic acid(0.09%), glucose(98.79%) and galactose(0.21%). The number average molecular weight (Mn) and the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of LRP1 were 10236 and 251783 g/mol. LRP1 exhibited high antioxidant activities in scavenging ABTS radicals, Superoxide anion radicals and Metal ion scavenging activity. PLP exhibited strong antioxidant activity in vitro. In addition, PLP inhibited Skov3 cancer cell proliferation and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Our data revealed that PLP is a promising natural antioxidant with potential value as a food supplement and for the treatment of cancer.

A novel radical decarboxylative 1,2,3-trifunctionalization of various 3-enoic acids is achieved via 1,4-imino-N shift by using CF3I as trifluoromethylating reagent and the readily available aryl ketoximes as both acid activator and difunctionalization reagent. This reaction is performed by CF3-radical addition on the terminal alkene moiety of in-situ formed aryl ketoxime 3-enoates, followed by a cascade radical 1,4-imino-N shift/decarboxylation/arylation to furnish the N-atom at 2-position of alkenes and to fix the aryl group at 3-position by replacing the carboxyl group. Consequently, a series of 1,2,3-trifunctionalized allyl derivatives are efficient produced in the form of structurally important trifluoromethylated 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines (3,4-DHIQs). Other functional radicals such as diverse fluoroalkyl and azido radicals can also trigger the reaction. This tactic not only provides a new conversion mode for 3-enoic acids and aryl ketoximes, but also affords unprecedent modular method for constructing diverse functionalized 3,4-polysubstituted DHIQs with excellent regio- and diastereoselectivity and bioactive molecules compatibility.

Polysaccharides are a class of biological macromolecules made up of sugar chains with multiple glycosidic bonds. To explore the extracted, purified, carboxymethylated and phosphorylated modified to obtained carboxymethylated polysaccharides (HSPS) and phosphorylated polysaccharides (HSPP), and the HSPS and HSPP were characterized and analyzed, and their antioxidant activity measured. Response surface design was used for the synthesis process of HSPS and HSPP, the structure characterization and antioxidant activities of HSPS and HSPP were evaluated. The results showed that the Mw and Mn of HSP were 14.66 kDa and 8.39 kDa, respectively. The monosaccharides were mainly galactose, glucose, xylose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 37.68%: 24.43%: 13.63%: 9.18%. The optimal synthesis conditions for HSPS were as follows: reaction time of 2.01 h, reaction temperature of 44.61°C and the amount of monochloroacetic acid necessary was 1.18 g. The optimal synthesis conditions for HSPP were: reaction time of 4.28 h, reaction temperature of 80.78°C, and reaction pH of 8.98. HSPS and HSPP have scavenging effects on ABTS, super oxideanion and hydroxyl radicals. The HSPS and HSPP were characterized and analyzed, and their antioxidant activity measured.