Lithium (Li) metal is regarded as the ''Holy Grail'' electrode because of its low electrochemical potential and high theoretical capacity. Unfortunately, uncontrolled dendritic Li growth induces low efficiency and poor safety. Here, we propose an electrochemical strategy for constructing an ultra-stable implantable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on Li metal. The SEI rendered dendrite-free Li deposits in a working battery. Li metal with a stable SEI can be transplanted into ether and ester electrolytes to efficiently cycle sulfur and LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 cathodes, respectively.

This paper is concerned with global existence and blow-up phenomena for an integrable two-component Camassa-Holm shallow water system. A new global existence result and several new blowup results of strong solutions to the system are presented. Our obtained results for the system are sharp and improve considerably earlier results.

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A coupled atmosphere–wave–ocean modeling system (CAWOMS) based on the integration of atmosphere–wave, atmosphere–ocean, and wave–current interaction processes is developed. The component models consist of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, the Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) model, and the Princeton Ocean Model (POM). The coupling between the model components is implemented by using the Model Coupling Toolkit. The CAWOMS takes into account various wave-related effects, including wave state and sea-spray-affected sea surface roughness, sea spray heat fluxes, and dissipative heating in atmosphere–wave coupling. It also considers oceanic effects such as the feedback of sea surface temperature (SST) cooling and the impact of sea surface current on wind stress in atmosphere–ocean coupling. In addition, wave–current interactions, including radiation stress and wave-induced bottom stress, are also taken into account. The CAWOMS is applied to the simulation of an idealized tropical cyclone (TC) to investigate the effects of atmosphere–wave–ocean coupling on TC intensity. Results show that atmosphere–wave coupling strengthens the TC system, while the thermodynamic coupling between the atmosphere and ocean weakens the TC as a result of the negative feedback of TC-induced SST cooling. The overall effects of atmosphere–wave–ocean coupling on TC intensity are determined by the balance between wave-related positive feedback and the negative feedback attributable to TC-induced SST cooling.

We report a ruthenium complex containing an N,N'-diimine ligand for the selective decomposition of formic acid to H and CO in water in the absence of any organic additives. A turnover frequency of 12 000 h and a turnover number of 350 000 at 90 °C were achieved in the HCOOH/HCOONa aqueous solution. Efficient production of high-pressure H and CO (24.0 MPa (3480 psi)) was achieved through the decomposition of formic acid with no formation of CO. Mechanistic studies by NMR and DFT calculations indicate that there may be two competitive pathways for the key hydride transfer rate-determining step in the catalytic process.