While policy‐makers in many jurisdictions are paying increasing attention to health workforce issues, human resources remain at best only partially aligned with population health needs. This paper explores the governance of human resources during the pandemic, looking at the Quebec health system as a revelatory case. We identify three issues related to health human resource (HHR) policies: working conditions, recognition at work and scope of practice. We empirically probe these issues based on an analysis of popular media, policy reports and participant observation by the lead authors in various forums and research projects. Using an integrated model of HHR, we identify major vulnerabilities in this domain. Persistent labour shortages, endemic deficiencies in working environments and inequity across occupational categories limit the ability to address critical HHR issues. We propose three ways to eliminate HHR vulnerabilities: reorganize work through participatory initiatives, implement joint policy making to rebalance power across the health workforce, and invest in the development of capacities at all system levels.
Cet article examine de manière comparative le parcours professionnel de diverses générations québécoises à partir des données transversales recueillies par Statistique Canada depuis 1976. Il cherche plus spécifiquement à savoir jusqu’à quel point la génération X constitue une génération sacrifiée, comme l’ont laissé entendre nombre d’observateurs au cours des années 1980 et 1990. L’analyse montre que, si toutes les générations ont été touchées d’une manière ou d’une autre par les mutations économiques des dernières décennies, la génération X semble avoir, plus que toute autre cohorte, cumulé de multiples désavantages sur le marché du travail. Non seulement a-t-elle connu d’importantes difficultés d’insertion professionnelle, mais elle a aussi été la pionnière d’un nouveau modèle de travail ainsi que d’un nouveau cycle de vie professionnelle.This paper provides a comparative examination of the career paths of various generations in Québec, based on transverse data gathered by Statistics Canada since 1976. More specifically, the aim is to find out to what extent generation X constitutes a sacrificed generation, as was suggested by many observers during the 1980s and 1990s. The analysis shows that while all generations were affected in one way or another by the economic shifts of recent decades, more than any other cohort, generation X seems to have faced multiple disadvantages in the labour market. Not only did the members of this generation face considerable difficulties in entering the labour force, they also seem to have been the pioneers of a new work model, and of a new occupational life cycle
Cet article emprunte la perspective des parcours de vie pour montrer comment les solidarités intergénérationnelles peuvent contribuer à accroître les inégalités socio-économiques. Prenant le cas des immigrants portugais du Luxembourg, il montre que les contraintes héritées du passé, la multiplicité des rôles familiaux exercés, la bilocalisation des solidarités et l’interdépendance des vies individuelles engendrent des pratiques de solidarité financière particulières et contribuent à accroître les inégalités. Cette démonstration débouche sur une discussion à propos de la pertinence de la perspective des parcours de vie dans les discussions entourant les réformes des États-providence dans un contexte de vieillissement démographique et d’harmonisation des systèmes de sécurité sociale et des obligations familiales au sein de l’Union européenne.
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