The level of political democracy is hypothesized to have an independent positive effect on social well‐being irrespective of either level of economic development or level of disarticulation of economies of developing countries, which is considered to be the most socially harmful structural feature created by dependency. In addition, political democracy is hypothesized to buffer the negative effects of disarticulation on social well‐being. Findings from the analysis of data from eighty‐two developing countries confirm these hypotheses. Political democracy showed a consistent positive effect on social well‐being measures, and the least democratic countries were more vulnerable to the negative effects of disarticulation. These findings underscore the independent positive role that political democracy may play in improving social well‐being in developing countries.

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The authors investigated (a) whether victim blaming is a general variable in a person's make-up or (b) whether the extent of blaming depends on the kind of victim considered. The authors evaluated scales for blaming (a) victims in general, (b) society in general, (c) a specific kind of victim (i.e., AIDS), and (d) the society in which AIDS victims live. The general and specific scales had favorable psychometric properties, including reliability. General and specific victim blaming were significantly and positively correlated, whereas victim blaming and society blaming were not significantly correlated. Multiple regression analyses provided evidence of construct validity for the scales. All blaming variables were significantly related in the hypothesized directions to social distance, social responsibility, and discrimination (regarding persons with AIDS). The general and specific scales made significant and unique contributions. Implications for attribution theory and research are specified.

The victim-blaming tendency toward people with AIDS was examined in relation to gender, fraternity-sorority affiliation, classification (freshmen vs. others), religion (Catholic vs. others), and academic major (business college vs. others) in a survey of 818 students at a midwestern state university in the United States. Desired social distance from gay men and lesbians, the intervening variable in these relations, significantly mediated the indirect effect of fraternity-sorority affiliation, classification, and gender on the victim-blaming tendency. Gender and desired social distance were found to be significant direct determinants of the victim-blaming tendency toward people with AIDS. The study suggests that attitudes toward gay men and lesbians must change if attitudes toward people with AIDS are to change.

Our concern in this paper is a longstanding one in the field of strategic management-the effect of strategic planning on firm performance. However, we argue that strategic planning is best examined in context of both its formal and informal aspects, as well as with operational planning and technology policy. From a survey of 150 manufacturing firms, planning and performance data were obtained from top managers. Our results provided support for the general argument that both formal and informal planning pay, and that both operational planning and technology policy have significant associations with firm performance. Our concern in this paper is a longstanding one in the field of strategic management-the effect of strategic planning on firm performance. However, we argue that strategic planning is best examined in context of both its formal and informal aspects, as well as with operational planning and technology policy. From a survey of 150 manufacturing firms, planning and performance data were obtained from top managers. Our results provided support for the general argument that both formal and informal planning pay, and that both operational planning and technology policy have significant associations with firm performance.