Abstract. Background: To date, no longitudinal prospective study has investigated the association between oral health status and cognitive decline in the geriatric Indian population, possibly because past studies differed in their target groups and methodologies. We investigated the association between tooth loss, as evaluated through clinical oral examinations, and the development of cognitive decline in older adults while considering baseline cognitive function. Objectives: This study served to find an association between oral health status and the subsequent development of cognitive decline in older adults of Maharashtra state while considering baseline cognitive function. Material and Methods: This 5-year prospective cohort study followed 140 participants without cognitive impairment aged ≥ 65 years (mean age: 70.9 ± 4.3 years) living in the Dhule region of Maharashtra, India. Cognitive function was evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in baseline and follow-up surveys, while oral health examination was carried out using Oral Hygiene Index. To investigate the association between oral health status and cognitive decline, we applied a multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular/cardiovascular disease, hypercholesterolemia, depressive symptoms, body mass index, smoking status, drinking status, duration of education, and baseline MMSE score. Results: In the 5 years after the baseline survey, we obtained an overall incidence of 20.71% in the population that developed cognitive decline (i.e., MMSE scores of ≤ 24). A multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that participants with compromised oral health were more likely to develop cognitive decline than those with mild to moderate oral health were (odds ratio: 3.31; 95% confidence interval: 1.07–10.2). Age, male sex, and baseline MMSE scores were also significantly associated with cognitive decline. Conclusion: Among the geriatric population of India, poor oral health status was independently associated with the development of cognitive decline within 5 years. This finding corroborates the hypothesis that oral health may be a predictor or risk factor for cognitive decline.

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BACKGROUND Till date no longitudinal prospective study have investigated the association between the oral health status and cognitive decline in the geriatric Indian population, possibly due to past studies differing in target groups and methodologies. We aimed to investigate the association between tooth loss, as evaluated through clinical oral examinations, and the development of cognitive decline in the older adults while considering baseline cognitive function. OBJECTIVE to investigate the association between tooth loss, as evaluated through clinical oral examinations, and the development of cognitive decline in the older adults while considering baseline cognitive function. METHODS This 5-year prospective cohort study followed 140 participants (mean age: 72.5 ± 4.3 years) without cognitive impairment aged ≥65 years (mean age: 70.9 ± 4.3 years) living in the Dhule Region of Maharashtra , India. Cognitive function was evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in baseline and follow-up surveys,while oral health examination was carried out using Oral Hygiene Index To investigate the association between oral health status and cognitive decline, we applied a multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular/cardiovascular disease, hypercholesterolemia, depressive symptoms, body mass index, smoking status, drinking status, duration of education, and baseline MMSE score. RESULTS In the 5 years after the baseline survey, we have obtained an overall incidence of 20.71%. population who developed cognitive decline (i.e., MMSE scores of ≤24). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that participants with compromised oral health were more likely to develop cognitive decline than those with mild to moderate oral health were (odds ratio: 3.31; 95% confidence interval: 1.07–10.2). Age, male gender, and baseline MMSE scores were also significantly associated with cognitive decline. CONCLUSIONS Poor Oral health status was independently associated with the development of cognitive decline within 5 years among the geriatric population of India . This finding corroborates the hypothesis that oral health may be a predictor or risk factor for cognitive decline. CLINICALTRIAL Not applied

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