Scaffolding has held great appeal for teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL) and scholars in helping students take greater responsibility or ownership in their language learning and reach academic success. However, little is known about how teachers perceived this type of support as improving students’ reading comprehension in English within the teaching and learning context in Vietnam high schools. This paper therefore reports a descriptive study that explored teachers’ perceptions of scaffolding EFL students’ reading comprehension at high schools in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were employed to collect data from seventy-nine high school teachers. The findings provide insightful views into teachers’ perceptions about scaffolding students’ reading comprehension. The findings also reveal how teachers experienced varying degrees of their perceptions of scaffolding and challenges while delivering their scaffolding practices in reading instruction. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0890/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

River morphological change is the complex evolution of riverbed states, which can lead to serious riverbank failures, and is a worldwide concern. However, revealing the cause of the evolution, in particular, the potential morphological scouring by eddy currents, is difficult. Accordingly, we propose a comprehensive combination of 2D and 3D simulations to reveal the eddy currents. We selected the Vam Nao, part of the Mekong River, with semi-tidal effects and confluence flows as the case study. We created two unstructured 40 m × 40 m triangular meshes using inverse distance interpolation. This study used the Saint–Venant equations (TELEMAC2D) and Navier–Stokes equations (TELEMAC3D) to reveal the eddy currents for 2009, 2017, and 2018. TELEMAC2D (the simplified form of TELEMAC3D) was assessed for 15 days, 3 months, and 1 year, which met a satisfactory level. The eddy currents’ appearance was verified by local knowledge. We found recirculating currents near the riverbank to the East (right at the riverbank failures), whose velocity was approximately half and 1/3–1/4 of the mainstream flow velocity in the dry and flood seasons, respectively. Our study approach performed well in revealing the eddy currents, which can aid in assessing potential riverbank failures and can be applicable to similar contexts.

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Water pollution is largely associated with the growth of agriculture, urbanization, and industrialization. By the year 2016, the quality of significant surface water sources in Thailand has been evaluated and categorized as 34% good quality, 46% fair quality and 20% poor quality. According to the Pollution Control Department of Thailand, the lower Lam Takong river, one of the critical watersheds of Thailand, is considered to have a poor water quality. In Lam Takong watershed, non-point sources area approximately covered 89% of the total area, those sources became the significant contributors of water pollutants, particularly nutrients to the Lam Takong watershed. Plus, water quality researches of the watershed were carried out with many different watershed models, but the SWAT model has not been applied to allot the pollutant loading from diffuse sources. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to apply the SWAT model to simulate flow and nitrate from 2007 to 2017, and allocate NO3loading in upstream is lower than downstream of the Lam Takong watershed. The R 2 values are 0.69 in upstream and 0.64 in downstream of Lam Takong. The results of the study can be a useful tool for the management of surface water resources in the Lam Takong watershed.