Accurate,
simple, and valuable analytical methods for detection
of food contamination are rapidly expanding to evaluate the validity
of food product quality because of ethnic considerations and food
safety. Herein molecularly imprinted nanogels (MIP-NGs), capable of
porcine serum albumin (PSA) recognition, were prepared as artificial
molecular recognition elements. The MIP-NGs were immobilized on a
quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor for detection of pork contamination
in real beef extract samples. The MIP-NGs-based QCM sensor showed
high affinity and excellent selectivity toward PSA compared to reference
serum albumins from five different animals. The high PSA specificity
of MIP-NGs led to the detection of pork contamination with a detection
limit of 1% (v/v) in real beef extract samples. We believe the artificial
molecular recognition materials prepared by molecular imprinting are
a promising candidate for halal food control.
Nanomaterials
have become increasingly promising for biomedical applications owing
to their specific biological characteristics. As drug delivery vehicles,
nanomaterials have to circulate in the bloodstream to deliver the
encapsulated components to the target tissues. Protein corona regulation
is one of the promising approaches that gives stealth capability to
avoid immune response. The aim of this study was to develop molecularly
imprinted polymer nanogels (MIP-NGs) capable of protein corona regulation,
using intrinsic human serum albumin (HSA) and with a functional monomer,
dansylamide ethyl acrylamide (DAEAm), the dansylamide group serving
as a ligand for HSA. The recognition capability of HSA for MIP-NGs
was investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The affinity
of the MIP-NGs prepared with DAEAm was then compared to that of the
reference MIP-NGs prepared with pyrrolidyl acrylate developed in our
previous study. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the concurrent use
of these two different functional monomers for molecular imprinting
was further effective to construct high-affinity recognition nanocavities
for HSA and to form HSA-rich protein corona in the human plasma owing
to the different interaction modes of the monomers. We believe that
the molecular imprinting strategy developed through the use of ligand-based
functional monomer is an effective strategy to create artificial molecular
recognition materials.
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