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Engineered peptide ligands with exceptionally high affinity for metal can self-assemble with nanoparticles in biological fluids. A high-affinity dendrimeric peptide ligand for CdSe-ZnS quantum dots (QDs) exhibited very fast association kinetics with QDs and reached equilibrium within 2 s. Here, we have combined a droplet-based microfluidic device with fluorescence detection based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to provide subsecond resolution in dissecting this fast self-assembly kinetics in solution. This work represents the first application of microfluidic devices to ligand-particle assembly for the measurement of fast assembly kinetics in solution.

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An efficient synthesis of a variety of [1,2,3]­triazolo-[1,5-a]­quinoxalin-4­(5H)-ones via a [3 + 2] cyclization reaction by photoredox catalysis between quinoxalinones and hypervalent iodine­(III) reagents is reported. A range of quinoxalinones and hypervalent iodine­(III) reagents were tolerated well. This cyclization reaction allows access to structurally diverse [1,2,3]­triazolo-[1,5-a]­quinoxalin-4­(5H)-ones in moderate to good yields.

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