This study aims to examine how organizational and family factors protect employees from depressive symptoms induced by work-family conflict. With a cross-sectional design, a total of 2184 Chinese employees from 76 departments completed measures of work-family conflict, organizational justice, family flexibility, and depressive symptoms. The results showed that work-family conflict including work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict was positively associated with depressive symptoms. In cross-level analysis, organizational justice climate weakened the adverse effect of work-family conflict on depressive symptoms and the buffering effects of procedural and distributive justice climate in the association between work-family conflict and depressive symptoms depended on family flexibility. Specifically, compared with employees with high family flexibility, procedural and distributive justice climate had a stronger buffering effect for employees with low family flexibility. These results indicate that organization and family could compensate each other to mitigate the effect of work-family conflict on employees’ depressive symptoms. Cultivating justice climate in organization and enhancing family flexibility might be an effective way to reduce employees’ depressive symptoms.

New migrants from Mainland China to Hong Kong have faced increased discrimination from local Hong Kongers, which may have negative impacts on their adjustment and mental health. Guided by the family systems theory, we tested the dyadic effects of perceived discrimination levels among migrant children and mothers on their psychological distress in a sample of 200 child–mother pairs who migrated from Mainland China to Hong Kong. Using polynomial regression and response surface analyses, we found that when children's and mothers’ reports of perceived discrimination showed congruence, higher levels of perceived discrimination were positively associated with both children's and mothers’ psychological distress. In addition, when children's and mothers’ reports of perceived discrimination were discrepant, higher levels of perceived discrimination among children compared with mothers were associated with increased psychological distress for children, and higher levels of perceived discrimination among mothers compared with children were associated with increased psychological distress for mothers. By using a dyadic approach, our study advances the understanding of the degree to which child–mother congruence and the direction of discrepancies in perceived discrimination contributes to children's and mothers’ psychological distress. These findings have implications for the design of psychological distress‐reduction intervention programs in the context of discrimination among migrant pairs.

Introduction: Family caregivers of cancer patients were often referred to the 'forgotten patients', yet little researches have been conducted on their mental health. Rumination might put family caregivers at risk for psychological distress during the caregiving, such as stress and anxiety. The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between rumination, stress and anxiety among family caregivers of breast cancer patients in China and examine the mediating role of avoidant coping in this relationship.Methods: Face-to-face questionnaire interviews were conducted with a sample of 99 caregivers from the public oncology hospital. They were assessed with stress, anxiety, rumination and avoidant coping by Chinese Perceived Stress Scale, Zung's Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Ruminative Responses Scale and Coping Strategy Indicator.Structural equation modelling was applied to assess the mediation analysis. Results:The reporting scores of participants indicated the incidence of anxiety was 17.2%. Rumination could directly predict stress (β = 0.58, p < 0.01) and anxiety (β = 0.46, p < 0.01) and also predict stress and anxiety via the mediator of avoidant coping (stress: β = 0.087, p < 0.01; anxiety: β = 0.109, p < 0.01). Conclusions:The important role played by family caregivers in supporting breast cancer patients is well recognised. The findings suggested that rumination and avoidant coping may be two critical risk factors for family caregivers of breast cancer developing stress and anxiety. This study highlights the importance of preventing avoidant coping, which plays a critical role for developing interventions for this vulnerable group.

Previous studies have examined the distinct stigmas of people living with HIV or of men who have sex with men (MSM). To capture the composite stress of HIV-positive MSM and the mixed stigma they experience, we conceptualized a compound stigma combining HIV status and homosexual identity. At two waves with an interval of 6 months, the results of 112 Chinese newly diagnosed HIV-positive MSM showed that dual stigma at baseline increased distress symptoms 6 months later. Resilience moderated these effects, as the dual stigma increased, distress symptoms intensified more rapidly for individuals with lower resilience than they did for those with higher resilience. Our findings highlight that dual stigma, as an intensified risk factor, predicted distress among the Chinese newly diagnosed HIV-positive MSM, conditioned by the protective factor of resilience. The results have strong implications for developing resilience-based intervention programs in this population.