Ti alloys are prone to corrosion and wear due to the hostile environment in bodily fluids, but the Ti-45Nb alloy is considered to be a promising titanium alloy with excellent biocompatibility and resistance to physiological corrosion. In this study, Nb ions were implanted into a TA3 alloy and the effect on the biological corrosion as well as tribocorrosion behavior of TA3 in Ringer’s solution was systematically investigated. The surface microstructure and XRD results revealed that the implanted samples showed a smoother surface due to the sputtering and radiation damages, and the Nb ions mainly existed in the alloy as the solid solution element. The electrochemical polarization tests showed that the implantation of Nb ions can increase the corrosion potential of the samples, showing a better thermodynamic stability. The tribocorrosion tests showed that the implanted samples exhibited a better thermodynamic stability in a corrosive environment accompanied by wear behavior, and the worn surface showed fewer pitting pits, indicating a better corrosion resistance. However, the abrasive wear and oxidation wear degree of the sample increased because of partial softening of the surface and brittle passivation film.