Background: Genetic biomarkers of lung cancer (LC) susceptibility may provide a basis for treatment and prevention. This study analyzed an association between SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in the complementary region of the 3′-UTR (3′ untranslated region) of microRNAs of the gene RIPK1 (receptor-interacting serine/threonineprotein kinase 1) and LC among an adult Han Chinese population aged younger than 60 years. Also explored the effect of regulation of the RIPK1 gene via rs17548629 and microRNA-1197 on the occurrence of LC. Methods: RIPK1 variants (rs17548629, rs77736895) were determined in a population of 571 adults (younger than 60 years) with LC, and 609 gender-and age-matched healthy individuals. Bioinformatics methods predicted the microRNAs bound to rs17548629. Dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the presence of both rs17548629 and the predicted microRNA. Results: A mutation (T) of rs17548629 was associated with an increased risk for LC in this population under the codominant and recessive genetic models. The risk of lung adenocarcinoma in rs17548629 mutant carriers was 1.769-fold higher than that of the wildtype. In vitro, the luciferase activity of co-transfected mutant psiCHECK2-RIPK1 and microRNA-1197 mimics was less than that of the group transfected with microRNA-1197 mimics only. Factorial analysis indicated interactions between microRNA-1197 mimics and genotypes of rs17548629. Conclusion: A mutation (T) of rs17548629 may increase the risk of LC/lung adenocarcinoma in adult Han populations younger than 60 years. When carrying the T allele, rs17548629 may be the target of hsa-miR-1197. This mutation may affect transcriptional level of the RIPK1, thereby promoting the occurrence of LC.

Background Genetic biomarkers of lung cancer (LC) susceptibility may provide a basis for treatment and prevention. This study analyzed an association between SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in the complementary region of the 3′-UTR (3' untranslated region) of microRNAs of the gene RIPK1 (receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1) and LC among an adult Han Chinese population aged younger than 60 years. Also explored the effect of regulation of the RIPK1 gene via rs17548629 and microRNA-1197 on the occurrence of LC. Methods RIPK1 variants (rs17548629, rs77736895) were determined in a population of 571 adults (younger than 60 years) with LC, and 609 gender- and age-matched healthy individuals. Bioinformatics methods predicted the microRNAs bound to rs17548629. Dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the presence of both rs17548629 and the predicted microRNA. Results A mutation (T) of rs17548629 was associated with an increased risk for LC in this population under the codominant and recessive genetic models. The risk of lung adenocarcinoma in rs17548629 mutant carriers was 1.769-fold higher than that of the wildtype. In vitro , the luciferase activity of co-transfected mutant psiCHECK2- RIPK1 and microRNA-1197 mimics was less than that of the group transfected with microRNA-1197 mimics only. Factorial analysis indicated interactions between microRNA-1197 mimics and genotypes of rs17548629. Conclusion A mutation (T) of rs17548629 may increase the risk of LC/lung adenocarcinomain adult Han populations younger than 60 years. When carrying the T allele, rs17548629 may be the target of hsa-miR-1197. This mutation may affect transcriptional level of the RIPK1, thereby promoting the occurrence of LC.

Purpose: There is substantial evidence evaluating the clinical efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) for rectal cancer patients staged at ypN+ and ypT0-2N0, but few studies focus on those staged at ypT3-4N0. Methods: Data were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from January 2011 to December 2015. Stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (sIPTW) was adopted to balance the baseline clinicopathological characteristics of ypT3-4N0 patients receiving AC or not. A risk score was established to predict the prognosis in terms of overall survival (OS) and identify who would be the beneficiary of AC. Results: A total of 920 patients staged at ypT3-4N0 were eligible, including 311 patients (33.8%) receiving AC. No significant difference was observed in OS between patients receiving AC or not before and after sIPTW (both P>0.05). The current risk score exhibited better discrimination power and overall net benefit than the 8th AJCC staging system, as well as improved prediction power. Based on the risk score, patients were divided into high- and low-risk subgroups, and only the high-risk subgroup was found to benefit from AC (P<0.05). Lastly, the risk score was validated by 100 consecutive patients from Fujian Cancer Hospital, and the advantage of AC was also confirmed in the high-risk subgroup. Conclusion: In this study, we proposed a risk-adapted and readily accessible risk score to guide the management of AC in ypT3-4N0 patients. According to the risk score, high-risk patients should be routinely recommended AC.

Background: Perineural invasion (PNI) is one of the aggressive characteristics of rectal cancer (RC), but there have been none studies evaluating the clinical efficacy of radiotherapy (RT) on rectal cancer with PNI. Methods: Data on RC patients staged at II/III were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2010 to 2014 to verify the clinical significance of PNI. The primary outcome wre overall survival (OS) and cancer specific survival (CSS). A nomogram was established to predict the prognosis of PNI patients using SEER database and validated by Fujian Cancer Hospital. Kaplan-Meier curve was conducted to investigate the overall survival (OS) between groups. Results: 1596 patients receiving direct surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy were eligible for this study, including 288 patients (18.0%) were present with PNI. PNI was found to be independently associated with OS and CSS after adjusting for age, sex, stage, pathological factors, and treatment factors (all p < 0.05). A nomogram was established to predict the prognosis of PNI patients with high C-index, and then validated by 98 patients from FJCH. And then patients in the high-risk subgroup were found to be benefited from adjuvant RT according to the current nomogram (P<0.05), but not those in the low-risk subgroup (P>0.05). Conclusions: PNI was confirmed to be an independnet prognosis factor of RC patients, and it should also taken into consideration of the postoperative management of RC.