Mesoporous silica materials benefit from unique features that have attracted substantial interest for their use as catalyst-immobilization matrices. These features include high surface area, chemical, thermal, and mechanical stability, highly uniform pore distribution and tunable pore size, high adsorption capacity, and an ordered porous network for free diffusion of substrates and reaction products. Solid supported catalysts are of great interests in both academic and industrial arenas due to their recyclability, enhanced catalytic reactivity, and selectivity. Inorganic, organic end enzymatic catalysis fields have been revolutionized by introduction of mesoporous silica nanomaterials as support due to dramatic increase of contact area and thus contributing to overall reaction yield [1-4]. Furthermore, mesoporous silica offers the opportunity of multifunctionalization and therefore, multiple catalyst immobilizations. The ability to sequester selectively molecules buy their functionality makes mesoporous silica catalyst championing high selectivities. This editorial will highlight the most important achievements in the field of mesoporous silica-supported catalysis.
The successful demonstration of a tandem enzymatic catalyst which utilizes stellate macroporous silica nanospheres (Stellate MSN) platform as dual-enzyme host is reported herein. Upon simultaneous loading of beta-glucosidase and glucose isomerase inside their porous structure, Stellate MSNs-featuring a hierarchical pore arrangement and large surface area, show capability to perform a cascade reaction that converts cellobiose, a cellulosic hydrolysis product, into glucose and further to fructose. The silica platform provides a modality for substrate channelling which involves the transfer of the cascade intermediate, glucose, to the next enzyme without first diffusing to the bulk. A key aspect to this proof-of-concept is the two-enzyme system working in an optimized pH domain to fit the modus operandi for both enzymes. The concept could be extrapolated to other enzyme tandems, with potential to impact dramatically enzymatic processes which require multi-catalyst, one-pot transformations.
Streptomyces spp. are bacteria that are responsible for the degradation of aromatic compounds and produce secondary metabolites. Here, we present a complete genome sequence of Streptomyces sp. strain S6, which was isolated from an oil palm plantation, with a 7.8-Mbp liner chromosome, a GC content of 72%, and 4,266 coding sequences.
In wireless sensor networks, congestion causes overall channel quality to degrade and loss rates to raise, leads to buffer drops and increased delays, and tends to be grossly unfair toward nodes whose data has to traverse a larger number of radio hops. Hybrid congestion control mechanisms relieve the congestion by creating the new path; when establishment of a new path is failed, fairness aggregate mechanisms limits forward rate, ensures that each source node sends data fairly. Based on energy-saving, algorithms for mild congestion have been improved.
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