Aliphatic carboxylates are the most common class of surface ligands to stabilize colloidal nanocrystals. The widely used approach to identify the coordination modes between surface cationic sites and carboxylate ligands is based on the empirical infrared (IR) spectroscopic assignment, which is often ambiguous and thus hampers the practical control of surface structures. In this report, multiple techniques based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and IR spectra are applied to distinguish the different coordination structures in a series of zinc-blende CdSe nanocrystals with unique facet structures, including nanoplatelets dominated with {100} basal planes, hexahedrons with only three types of low-index facets (i.e., {100}, {110}, and {111}), and spheroidal dots without well-defined facets. Interpretation and assignment of NMR and IR signals were assisted by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In addition to the identification of facet-sensitive bonding modes, the present methods also allow a nondestructive quantification of mixed ligands.

). † These authors contributed equally to this work. SUMMARYEthylene responsive factors (ERFs) are a large family of plant-specific transcription factors that are involved in the regulation of plant development and stress responses. However, little to nothing is known about their role in herbivore-induced defense. We discovered a nucleus-localized ERF gene in rice (Oryza sativa), OsERF3, that was rapidly up-regulated in response to feeding by the rice striped stem borer (SSB) Chilo suppressalis. Antisense and over-expression of OsERF3 revealed that it positively affects transcript levels of two mitogenactivated protein kinases (MAPKs) and two WRKY genes as well as concentrations of jasmonate (JA), salicylate (SA) and the activity of trypsin protease inhibitors (TrypPIs). OsERF3 was also found to mediate the resistance of rice to SSB. On the other hand, OsERF3 was slightly suppressed by the rice brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens (Stå l) and increased susceptibility to this piercing sucking insect, possibly by suppressing H 2 O 2 biosynthesis. We propose that OsERF3 affects early components of herbivore-induced defense responses by suppressing MAPK repressors and modulating JA, SA, ethylene and H 2 O 2 pathways as well as plant resistance. Our results also illustrate that OsERF3 acts as a central switch that gears the plant's metabolism towards an appropriate response to chewing or piercing/sucking insects.

Facet‐dependent on‐surface reactions are systematically studied on zinc‐blende CdSe nanoplatelets with atomically‐flat {001} basal facets and small yet non‐polar side facets. The on‐surface half‐reactions between the surface Se sites and Cd carboxylates in the solution are qualitatively equivalent to those on the spheroidal counterparts. Conversely, the on‐surface half‐reactions between the surface Cd sites and the activated Se precursors in solution show a strong facet‐dependence, which includes three distinguishable stages. In the first stage, the Se precursors adsorb onto the small and non‐polar side facets of the nanoplatelets. The second stage is initiated by the adsorbed Se precursors at the side‐basal plane edges and proceeds from the edges to the center of the basal planes in quasi‐zeroth‐order kinetics. In the third stage, the nanoplatelets are dismantled, which includes the creation of a hole in the middle and a build‐up of thick edges.