Recently, metal nanoframes have received increased attention due to their unique spatial and physicochemical, e.g., catalytic and plasmonic properties. So far, a variety of synthetic procedures have been developed to fabricate metal nanoframes with different shapes, sizes and compositions. Typical synthesis of metal nanoframes involves two stages: 1) formation of solid nanocrystals and 2) hollowing out the interiors and side faces. In this review, solution-phase synthetic strategies are summarized, based on galvanic replacement reactions, oxidative etching, the Kirkendall effect, electrodeposition, and template-assisted growth, as well as one-pot synthesis. Their potential applications in catalysis and optical sensing are overviewed as well.

Bimetallic Au75Pd25 nanocrystals with shapes of icosahedron and octahedron were synthesized by adding different amounts of iodide ions, and were employed as catalysts for solvent-free aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane. Although both icosahedrons and octahedrons were bounded by {111} facets, the turnover frequency number of Au75Pd25 icosahedrons reached 15,106 h(-1), almost three times as high as that of Au75Pd25 octahedrons. The conversion of cyclohexane reached 28.1% after 48 h using Au75Pd25 icosahedrons, with the selectivity of 84.3% to cyclohexanone. Density functional theory calculations along with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy examinations reveal that the excellent catalytic performance of AuPd icosahedrons could be ascribed to twin-induced strain and highly negative charge density of Au atoms on the surface.

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide, with varied clinical and histopathological features between individuals, particularly across races. As an autoimmune disease, IgAN arises from consequences of increased circulating levels of galactose-deficient IgA1 and mesangial deposition of IgA-containing immune complexes, which are recognized as key events in the widely accepted “multi-hit” pathogenesis of IgAN. The emerging evidence further provides insights into the role of genes, environment, mucosal immunity and complement system. These developments are paralleled by the increasing availability of diagnostic tools, potential biomarkers and therapeutic agents. In this review, we summarize current evidence and outline novel findings in the prognosis, clinical trials and translational research from the updated perspectives of IgAN pathogenesis.

Solution‐phase synthetic methods and applications in catalysis and plasmonics of metal nanoframes with different morphologies are overviewed by C. Wang, J. Zeng, and co‐workers. In their review on page 2593, typical synthetic strategies involving galvanic replacement reactions, oxidative etching, the Kirkendall effect, electrodeposition, template‐assisted growth, as well as one‐pot syntheses are summarized, and excellent applications in catalysis and optical sensing are included as well.