In this study, two districts, Erdaojiang District and Dongchang District, in Tonghua City, Jilin Province, were evaluated for their geological environment carrying capacity. A total of 14 evaluation indicators were selected from the three aspects of the geological environment, ecological environment, and social environment to make it more comprehensive to evaluate the carrying capacity of the geological environment. Using the AHP and CRITIC methods, the subjective weight and objective weight of each evaluation index are obtained, and the combined weight is calculated by game theory. When combined with the GIS and combined weights, the distribution map of the geological environment carrying capacity is obtained, and it is classified into four grades: excellent, good, medium, and poor. A comprehensive evaluation of the carrying capacity of the geological environment is carried out. The following conclusions are drawn: the overall carrying capacity of the geological environment in the study area is good, and the carrying capacity of individual areas is poor. The comparative analysis of the good and poor areas provides a scientific basis for future environmental governance and urban planning and provides a scientific basis for geological disasters and mines.

Clean groundwater resources are vital to human health. To evaluate groundwater quality in the Songnen Plain (Jilin), a field investigation sampling test, multivariate statistical analysis, and spatial analysis were conducted based on a geographic information system. The main substances exceeding the standard were screened out, and the main controlling factors affecting groundwater quality were discussed. The research result showed that nine components exceeded groundwater standards by approximately 10%: Al, total hardness (TH), total dissolved solids (TDS), Mn, As, NO3−, Fe, F−, and BaP. The over-standard of TDS and TH in groundwater are mainly distributed in the geological environment conditions and unreasonable exploitation and utilization of groundwater in this area. The results of the multi-index evaluation showed that the most important factors affecting groundwater quality were general chemical indices, followed by inorganic toxicology and heavy metals. Controlling the overexploitation of water resources, controlling agricultural activities and sewage discharge, and implementing water conservation systems are the main pathways to improve water quality in the study area. The research results can provide a reference for groundwater pollution control and water resource protection in the Songnen Plain (Jilin).

The urbanization rate in China has been increasing in recent years, and along with the increasing intensity of human engineering activities, ecological and geological (eco-geological) degradation have become key factors impeding sustainable urban development. Taking the concentrated mineral exploitation area of Tonghua City as an example, the distribution of mines in the area is concentrated and the spatial heterogeneity is significant. This paper includes 14 evaluation indicators in three aspects: eco-geological environment background, anthropogenic and mining engineering activities, and environmental pollution. Then, based on game theory combined with ANP-CV (Analytic Network Process and Coefficient of Variation), two empowerment methods, GIS spatial calculation is used to evaluate the eco-geological environment quality (EEQ). The results showed that the EEQ was divided into grades I–V from high to low, with areas of 21.13%, 30.35%, 27.00%, 14.30%, and 7.22%, respectively; the EEQ of the Hun River basin has a high spatial autocorrelation and low EEQ, and the EEQ grade of mines was divided on this basis; the hot spot analysis is useful for determining the EEQ, as well as for allocating mine restoration resources in a sensible manner. Finally, we propose countermeasures to improve EEQ, and this study can provide a scientific basis for ecological construction and geological environmental protection in Tonghua City.

Changbai Mountain is an important part of the development and opening pilot area of Changjitu. It is the birthplace of Songhua River, Yalu River, and Tumen River, and is known as the source of the three rivers. Millions of people live in the basin. A volcanic eruption accompanied by earthquakes would lead to a large number of landslides, debris flows, and show a chain effect, the formation of a secondary geological disaster chain, which is a serious threat to people’s lives and property safety. This paper selected indexes from three aspects: the hazard of earthquake-induced geological disaster chain, the exposure and vulnerability of disaster-bearing bodies, and the risk assessment of earthquake-induced geological disaster chain. The sensitivity values of each influence factor were calculated by the certainty factor (CF) using the support vector machine, and then, the susceptibility assessment was obtained. The cumulative displacement calculated by the Newmark model represented the potential risk intensity. We considered the Changbai Mountain volcanic earthquake–landslide disaster chain as an example. The results of risk assessment showed that the extremely high and high risk areas were mainly located within the 12 km radius of Tianchi Lake, and the other areas in the study area were mainly associated with very low to low risk values. The verification results showed that the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve area was 0.8373, indicating that the method was very effective in the identification and assessment of seismic hazard chain risk. In these high-risk areas, relevant countermeasures should be formulated to prevent the risk of geological disasters, strengthen the implementation of regional disaster prevention and reduction work, and ensure the safety of residents’ lives and property.

Taking Erdaojiang and Dongchang District of Tonghua City, Jilin Province as examples, this paper studies the ecological environment restoration and governance model of their mining areas. In this paper, the vegetation cover (NDVI) data in the past ten years were selected from the study area. The Theil–Sen median and Mann–Kendall (MK) methods were used to analyze the time series of NDVI, and the vegetation cover change trend map of the study area was obtained. Then, the land use data of the study area for 4 years were selected, and the transfer matrix method was used to analyze the land use conversion between the years. Finally, according to the characteristics of the distribution of mines in the study area, for the mining area in different natural geographical locations, it was concluded that the restoration of cultivated land and the restoration of forest land and ecological reconstruction were adopted. Among them, the restoration of forest land includes natural restoration and artificial intervention.