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The air dense medium fluidized bed (ADMFB), belonging to the bubbling fluidization regime, plays a critical role in dry coal beneficiation. The separation density of ADMFB depends on the understanding of bed density. Beyond the uniform hypothesis, a nonuniform hypothesis was assumed in which the bed density distribution has axial sinusoidal structures. Based on the force balance model, contact stress is responsible for the axial sinusoidal distribution. Experimentally, the fitting results of the axial sinusoidal distribution during the expansion process were presented in which the values of adj. R 2 are from 0.72 to 0.95. Through frequency domain analysis, a low frequency of 0.03 Hz defined as the global horizontal disturbance frequency is also the reason for the sinusoidal distribution. By analogy, the insect-population model could characterize the particle concentration model perfectly. Finally, the flow structure based on the above analysis was described to indicate its influence on coal separation.