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Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a congenital genetic disorder mainly manifested as bone fragility and recurrent fracture. Mutation of COL1A1/COL1A2 genes encoding the type I collagen are most responsible for the clinical patients. Allogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide the potential to treat OI through differentiation into osteoblasts. Autologous defective MSCs have not been utilized in OI treatment mainly because of their impaired osteogenesis, but the latent mechanism has not been well understood. Here, the relative signaling abnormality of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) isolated from OI type I mice (Col1a1+/−365 mice) was explored. Autologous ADSCs transfected by retrovirus carrying human COL1A1 gene was first utilized in OI therapy. The results showed that decreased activity of Yes‐associated protein (YAP) due to hyperactive upstream Hippo kinases greatly contributed to the weakened bone‐forming capacity of defective ADSCs. Recovered collagen synthesis of autologous ADSCs by COL1A1 gene modification normalized Hippo/YAP signaling and effectively rescued YAP‐mediated osteogenesis. And the COL1A1 gene engineered autologous ADSCs efficaciously improved the microstructure, enhanced the mechanical properties and promoted bone formation of Col1a1+/−365 mice after femoral bone marrow cavity delivery and might serve as an alternative source of stem cells in OI treatment. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).

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Misfolded proteins retained in the endoplasmic reticulum cause many human diseases. ER-associated degradation (ERAD) is one of the protein quality and quantity control system located at ER, which is responsible for translocating the misfolded proteins or properly folded but excess proteins out of the ER for proteasomal degradation. Recent studies have revealed that mice with ERAD deficiency in specific cell types exhibit impaired metabolism homeostasis and metabolic diseases. Here, we highlight the ERAD physiological functions in metabolic disorders in a substrate-dependent and cell type-specific manner.