The objective of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of phytochemical extracts from muscadine grapes or wine on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and to investigate cellular mechanisms. Two groups of C57BL/6J mice were gavaged with muscadine grape phytochemicals (MGP) or muscadine wine phytochemicals (MWP), respectively, for 14 days. Acute colitis was induced by 3% DSS in drinking water for 7 days. An additional two groups of mice served as healthy and disease controls. Results indicated that MGP or MWP significantly prevented weight loss, reduced disease activity index, and preserved colonic length compared to the colitis group (p ≤ 0.05). MGP or MWP significantly decreased myeloperoxidase activity as well as the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in colon (p ≤ 0.05). MGP or MWP caused down-regulation of the NF-κB pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that phytochemicals from muscadine grape or wine mitigate ulcerative colitis via attenuation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production and modulation of the NF-κB pathway.

The objective of this study was to develop a thiolysis HPLC method to quantify total procyanidins, the ratio of A-type linkages, and A-type procyanidin equivalents in cranberry products. Cysteamine was utilized as a low-odor substitute of toluene-α-thiol for thiolysis depolymerization. A reaction temperature of 70 °C and reaction time of 20 min, in 0.3 M of HCl, were determined to be optimum depolymerization conditions. Thiolytic products of cranberry procyanidins were separated by RP-HPLC and identified using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Standards curves of good linearity were obtained on thiolyzed procyanidin dimer A2 and B2 external standards. The detection and quantification limits, recovery, and precision of this method were validated. The new method was applied to quantitate total procyanidins, average degree of polymerization, ratio of A-type linkages, and A-type procyanidin equivalents in cranberry products. Results showed that the method was suitable for quantitative and qualitative analysis of procyanidins in cranberry products.

This study examined the ability of five Amberlite resins coupled with ultrasound-assisted water extraction for the recovery and enrichment of bioactive procyanidins and total phenolics from cranberry pomace. Static adsorption showed that XAD-7HP had the highest adsorption capacity for procyanidins (52.2 mg/g resin) and total phenolics (99.1 mg/g resin) whereas XAD-761 had the lowest. Adsorption of procyanidins fitted better to pseudo-second-order kinetics than pseudo-first-order kinetics. Isotherm adsorption on XAD-7HP suggested that Langmuir isotherm was a better model to describe the adsorption of procyanidins while Kemkin-Pyzhev equation was better for total phenolics based on higher coefficient of determinations (R ). Dynamic tests on XAD-7HP suggested that the flow rate of 7 and 8 mL/min were the optimum conditions for adsorption and desorption of procyanidins, respectively. Measurements using HPLC revealed that adsorption increased the contents of procyanidins and total phenolics by 4.57- and 4.73-folds, respectively, compared to the initial extracts. This research showed that Amberlite XAD-7HP resin adsorption coupled with ultrasound-assisted water extraction is an efficient method to separate and concentrate procyanidins from cranberry pomace.

Current trends have been noticed in to study of unedible parts of food as sources of phytochemicals or as ingredients in order to develop new uses for discarded materials and to promote sustainability. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of six macroporous resins (XAD 16, XAD 7HP, XAD 2, XAD 4, DAX 8, and XAD 1180 N) in purification of phenolic compounds from organic purple‐fleshed sweet potatoes. Static adsorption and desorption showed that XAD16 and XAD7HP had the highest adsorption and desorption ratio and recovery yield. The process temperature did not affect the adsorption capacity of XAD16. However, XAD7HP showed higher adsorption capacity when performed at 30°C, compared with 40 and 50°C. The process of equilibrium adsorption isotherms for phenolics was better described using Freundlich isotherm model. Dynamic adsorption process on XAD7HP resin showed that phenolic compounds in the water extracts of leaves started to break through after 4.5 bed volumes of extract was loaded. The purification of phytochemicals using adsorption is an alternative to replace organic solvents and provide a safety process for industrial application. Practical Applications Recently, phenolic compounds have been explored due to their significant biological and antioxidant properties; phenolic compounds are also related to decreasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, oxidative stress, diabetes, fatness, cancer, and several degenerative diseases. In addition, there is the potential use of phenolic compounds such as anthocyanin as safe colorimetric pH indicators in innovative packaging due to the relationship between levels of pH and anthocyanin colors. Therefore, using advanced processing technologies, phenolic compound purification can be essential for many applications related to food safety, quality, nutrition, and food waste. Furthermore, purified phenolic compounds can be used as raw materials in the pharmaceutical area and food industries.

The mathematical models established in this study can be used in designing a pilot/industrial- scale column for the separation and concentration of anthocyanins from muscadine juice pomace. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.