This brief review provides a general introduction to various applications of membrane technologies in the pharmaceutical/biopharmaceutical industry with special emphasis on novel membrane techniques for pharmaceutical applications. The method of coating a drug particle with a polymer using the SHFCC method is stable and ready for scale-up for operation over an extended period.

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In this work, the conductivity of anatase titanium dioxide (TiO 2) nanowires was enhanced by lanthanum (La) and cobalt (Co) co-doping method. The nanowires were synthesised via a facile solvothermal process. The diameter of as-synthesised nanowires is about 300 nm and length more than 20 μm. The electrical properties were studied based on single nanowire field-effect transistor; the anatase TiO 2 nanowires exhibit n-type conductivity with mobility of 2.18 cm 2 V −1 S −1 and carrier concentration of 1.95 × 10 18 cm −3. Doping of rare earth element La and transition element Co can not only reduce bandgap, but also reduce electron-hole recombination and improve carrier concentration. The distinct electrical properties of doped nanowires will open new opportunities for the application of anatase TiO 2 semiconductor materials in nanoelectronics devices.

Nitrogen doped TiO 2-x films have been prepared by using N -ion implantation method. X-ray diffraction patterns of the N -doped TiO 2-x films could be indexed with rutile TiO 2 and Ti 7 O 13 in structure. XPS measurements revealed a 2.73 atm.% concentration of N atoms in the N -doped films and two N 1 s photoelectron binding energies at 396.3 and 399.9 eV originating from N -doped TiO 2 and N -doped Ti 7 O 13, respectively. The photocatalytic properties of the N -doped films under visible light have been investigated by degradation of methylene blue solution.