The anti-diabetic activity of ginger powder (Zingiber officinale) has been recently promoted, with the recommendation to be included as one of the dietary supplements for diabetic patients. However, previous studies presented different results, which may be caused by degradation and metabolic changes of ginger components, gingerols, shogaols and paradols. Therefore, we prepared 10 ginger active components, namely 6-, 8-, 10-paradols, 6-, 8-, 10-shogaols, 6-, 8-, 10-gingerols and zingerone, and evaluated their anti-hyperglycemic activity. Among the tested compounds, 6-paradol and 6-shogaol showed potent activity in stimulating glucose utilization by 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes. The effects were attributed to the increase in 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 6-Paradol, the major metabolite of 6-shogaol, was utilized in an in vivo assay and significantly reduced blood glucose, cholesterol and body weight in high-fat diet-fed mice.
The
ethyl acetate extract of an endophyte Epicoccum
sorghinum exhibited anti-inflammatory activity at
a concentration of <10 μg/mL. By bioassay-guided fractionation,
one new compound, named epicorepoxydon A (1), and one
unusual bioactive compound, 6-(hydroxymethyl)benzene-1,2,4-triol (6), together with six known compounds, were isolated from E. sorghinum. The structures of all isolates were
established by spectroscopic analyses. The relative configuration
of 1 was deduced by the NOESY spectrum and its absolute
configuration was determined by X-ray single-crystal analysis. The
biological activities of all isolates were evaluated using four types
of bioassays including cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet
aggregation, and antiangiogenesis activities. Compounds 4 and 6 showed potent anti-inflammatory activity, compound 2 possessed potent antiplatelet aggregation and antiangiogenesis
activities, and compound 6 demonstrated antiangiogenesis
activity. This fungal species can cause a human hemorrhagic disorder
known as onyalai. In this study, we identified the active components
with antiplatelet aggregation and antiangiogenesis activities, which
may be related to the hemorrhagic disorder caused by this fungus.
Moreover, we proposed a biosynthetic pathway of the isolated polyketide
secondary metabolites and investigated their structure–activity
relationship (SAR). Our results suggested that E. sorghinum is a potent source of biologically active compounds that can be
developed as antiplatelet aggregation and anti-inflammatory agents.
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