We report the growth of ultralong ZnO nanowires on silicon (100) substrates via the gold-catalyzed vapor transport approach. An ample supply of zinc vapor generated through carbothermal reduction of ZnO powder at 917 °C and a suitable amount of oxygen facilitate the rapid growth of nanowires. These ZnO nanowires are extremely long with lengths of 85−100 μm, and exhibit an overall vertical orientation. The nanowires have largely diameters of 250−400 nm. Crystal structure analysis indicates typical ZnO nanowire growth along the [0001] direction. The band gap of these nanowires was determined to be 3.22 eV. These nanowires show a relatively weak near-band-edge emission peak at 390 nm, and a significant oxygen vacancy-related emission band at 495 nm. Good photocatalytic activity of these nanowires on substrates toward the photodegradation of rhodamine B and 4-chlorophenol was demonstrated. Furthermore, we showed that these nanowires on substrates can serve as effective and convenient recyclable photocatalysts. Only a slight decrease in the photodecomposition rate was observed after 10 cycles of the photocatalysis experiment. The photocatalysts also work well under natural sunlight.

Purpose – Based on past study, three different value constructs, including social value, hedonic value, and epistemic value, were adopted in this study to examine their influence on individual's stickiness to use Facebook. Besides, this paper aims to explore how “trust” affects the personal usage behaviors. Design/methodology/approach – The research model was tested with data from 345 Facebook's users using a web survey. The partial least squares technology was used to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings – Results confirmed that hedonic value served as important value concerns for Facebook users. Besides, considering trust factor, the respondents can be classified into two groups. In the high-trust group, social value and hedonic value produced significant impacts on stickiness. In the low-trust group, the statistical results show that epistemic value and hedonic value had impacts on the stickiness for Facebook web site use, but social value aspect had no significant impact. Research limitations/implications – The respondents were mainly the subjects that belonged to the young age group in Taiwan. Therefore, it should be cautious to generalize the conclusions to other areas or the elder. Practical implications – This study results facilitate web site operators and marketing researchers to understand what value factors and trust affect the user stickiness of Facebook. Their marketing plan and application plug-in can be accordingly adjusted. Originality/value – This study provides positive evidences how value factors affect Facebook stickiness. The paper also proved that high-trust and low-trust people have different value models.

We give a H ormander-type su cient condition on an operator-valued function M that implies the L p-boundedness result for the operator T M de ned by (T M f) = Mf on the (2n + 1)-dimensional Heisenberggroup H n. Here \^" denotes the Fourier transform on H n de ned in terms of the Fock representations. We also show the H 1-L 1 boundedness of T M , kT M fk L 1 C kfk H 1 , for H n under the same hypotheses of L p-boundedness. 1. Introduction. Let f 7 !f be the Fourier transform, f 7 ! f the inverse Fourier transform, and m a bounded measurable function on R n. We say that

The prevalence of COVID-19 has changed traditional teaching modes. For many teachers, online learning effectively compensated for the absence of traditional face-to-face instruction. Online learning can support students and schools and can create unique opportunities under emergency management. Educational institutions in various countries have launched large-scale online course modes in response to the pandemic. Additionally, online learning during a pandemic differs from traditional online learning modes. Through surveying students in higher education institutions, educational reform under emergency management can be explored. Therefore, university students were surveyed to investigate their continuance intention regarding online learning during the pandemic. Expectation confirmation theory was extended using the task-technology fit model to ascertain whether the technical support of promoting online learning helped student’s complete course learning tasks during the pandemic and spawned a continuance intention to use online learning in the future. Data were collected through online questionnaires. A total of 854 valid responses were collected, and partial least squares structural equation modeling was employed to verify the research hypotheses. The results revealed that the overall research framework largely explained continuance intention. Concrete suggestions are proposed for higher education institutions to promote online learning modes and methods after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Entrepreneurial education has always played an important role in developing entrepreneurship. In recent years, China has been emphasizing the integration of innovative entrepreneurship concepts into university curricula. Entrepreneurial education can also contribute to the sustainability of business development. In the context of “mass entrepreneurship and innovation”, entrepreneurial education is important to promote the restructuring of the economic and business model, enhance the development momentum, and follow the innovation-driven development path. However, whether the promotion of entrepreneurial education will lead to entrepreneurial intentions of college students, and thus, specific proposals for the promotion of the entrepreneurial education model remains unclear. Therefore, this study adopted the theory of planned behavior perspective coupled with perceived university support to extend the theory of planned behavior framework and explain the effect of such support on student entrepreneurial intention. The study results revealed that perceived university support significantly affected student attitude toward entrepreneurship, which signaled universities’ critical role in establishing entrepreneurial spirit in students. A significant effect on behavioral control was also observed for perceived university support. Regarding the effects of perceived university support on attitude toward entrepreneurship and behavioral control, the results revealed the effect was far greater on attitude than on behavioral control. Such intention was not directly affected by subjective norms. Therefore, a scientifically rational entrepreneurship course system is critical for effective entrepreneurship education. Overall, encouraging students to engage in the continuous process of entrepreneurship through entrepreneurship courses can concurrently benefit overall economic and social development.