Before and after ADT, the stabilization stems from electronic modification effect of synergistic Sn and OPC addition.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the microstructure characteristics of the Ni1-xCux-BCZY anode and to analyze the carbon resistance by doping Cu into the Ni-BCZY anode. Ni1-xCux and BaCe0.7Zr0.1Y0.2O3-𝛿 (BCZY) powder were prepared by solid-state reaction with Ni1-xCux /BCZY = 60:40 wt%. The powder is calcined at a temperature of 700 °C, sintered at 1450 °C, and reduced by pure H2. The results of the Ni1-xCux-BCZY microstructure show an increase in the average particle size from 2.71 to 2.88 µm with increasing calcination time from 0.5 to 1.5 hours. Furthermore, the conductivity of Ni1-xCux-BCZY (x = 0.1) is lower than Ni1-xCux-BCZY (x = 0), this is associated with enhancement electron scattering, which correlatives with large metal particle obtained. The optimum conductivity of Ni1-xCux-BCZY(x=0.1) is obtained at a calcination time of 0.5 hours. Furthermore, NiCu anode can effectively increase the carbon resistance while using methane as a fuel.