Women, first-generation literates, and rural inhabitants are underrepresented in African science. Africa also contributes little to the global scientific enterprise. Science in African countries could be enhanced by giving preference to underrepresented groups for increased access, teaching, and research synergies and encouraging purposeful collaborations.

Tigecycline rapidly achieved high intracellular concentrations in PMNs and exhibited static activity against S. aureus supporting its potential clinical utilization.

Neurological complications associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are a matter of great concern. While antiretroviral (ARV) drugs are the cornerstone of HIV treatment and typically produce neurological benefit, some ARV drugs have limited CNS penetration while others have been associated with neurotoxicity. CNS penetration is a function of several factors including sieving role of blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers and activity of innate drug transporters. Other factors are related to pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of the specific ARV agent or mediated by drug interactions, local inflammation, and blood flow. In this review, we provide an overview of the various factors influencing CNS penetration of ARV drugs with an emphasis on those commonly used in sub-Saharan Africa. We also summarize some key associations between ARV drug penetration, CNS efficacy, and neurotoxicity.

Antimalarial drugs including the antifolate, pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (PS), df = 1, P = 0.02). Gametocyte sex ratio changes were similar following treatment with both drugs. PS and Co-T treatment of acute malaria infections in children from this endemic area is associated with significant increases in prevalence and intensities of gametocytaemia but these effects are more marked in those treated with PS than Co-T.

No abstract