Strain KYPY10, isolated from a water sample taken from the Funglin Stream in Taiwan, was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells of strain KYPY10 were Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, motile by gliding, rod-shaped surrounded by a thick capsule, and formed light-yellow colonies. Growth occurred at 20-30 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 6-7 (optimum, pH 6) and with 0-0.2 % NaCl (optimum, 0 % w/v). Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain KYPY10 belonged to the genus Flavobacterium and was most closely related to Flavobacterium brevivitae TTM-43 (98.4 % sequence similarity) and Flavobacterium vireti THG-SM1 (98.0 %). Strain KYPY10 contained iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or 10-methyl C16 : 0), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH and iso-C16 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-6. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, four uncharacterized aminophospholipids, five uncharacterized phospholipids and one uncharacterized lipid. The major polyamines were homospermidine and putrescine. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain KYPY10 was 41.0 mol%. The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain KYPY10 with respect to recognized species of the genus Flavobacterium was less than 70 %. On the basis of the phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain KYPY10 was recognized as a representative of a novel species within the genus Flavobacterium. The name Flavobacterium amniphilum sp. nov. is proposed, with strain KYPY10 (=BCRC 81006=LMG 29727=KCTC 52443) as the type strain.

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A novel bacterial strain AHQ-46 was isolated from a freshwater lake in Taiwan. The strain was Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, motile by gliding, rod-shaped and formed translucent yellow colonies. Optimal growth occurred at 20-25 °C, pH 7.0, and in the absence of NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain AHQ-46 belonged to the genus Flavobacterium and was most closely related to Flavobacterium verecundum TTM-46 with a sequence similarity of 95.8 %. Strain AHQ-46 contained iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the predominant fatty acids. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine and several uncharacterized aminophospholipids and phospholipids. The major polyamine was homospermidine. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-6. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 32.1 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic inference, demonstrate that strain AHQ-46 should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium lacunae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AHQ-46 (=BCRC 80889=LMG 28710).

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A novel bacterial strain MVW-23 was isolated from a freshwater spring in Taiwan. The strain was Gram-staining-negative, strictly aerobic, motile by gliding, rod-shaped and formed translucent yellow colonies. Optimal growth occurred at 20-30 °C, pH 7.0, and in the presence of 0.5-1 % NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain MVW-23 belonged to the genus Flavobacterium and showed the highest levels of sequence similarity with respect to Flavobacterium denitrificans ED5 (97.3 %), Flavobacterium kyungheense THG-107 (97.2 %) and Flavobacterium defluvii EMB117 (97.0 %). Strain MVW-23 contained iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the predominant fatty acids. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, three uncharacterized aminophospholipids and one uncharacterized phospholipid. The major polyamine was homospermidine. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-6. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 39.9 mol%. The DNA-DNA hybridization value for strain MVW-23 with F. denitrificans DSM 15936, F. kyungheense LMG 26575 and F. defluvii DSM 17963 was less than 35 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic inference, demonstrate that strain MVW-23 should be classified as a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium dispersum sp. nov. is presented. The type strain is MVW-23 (=BCRC 80978=LMG 29558=KCTC 52234).