NPs) with unique optical properties have emerged as one of the most exciting tools in nanomedicine, capable of achieving multiple tasks such as optical imaging, [2] targeted chemotherapy, [3] and localized photothermal therapy (PTT), [4][5][6] for efficient tumor theragnostics and preventing tumor recurrence. Prior to the therapy, the solid tumor can be spatially visualized by NP-based imaging techniques for precise diagnosis. Among various NPenhanced imaging technologies, surfaceenhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has exhibited great potential for ultrasensitive biological imaging with advantages of low-cost, non-ionizing excitation light, the unique vibrational spectrum, ultra-narrow spectral line-width, high resistance to photo bleaching, and high signal-to-noise ratio. [7,8] Especially, it has been employed for tracking the biodistribution of injected NPs in vivo systems. For instance, Campbell et al. used Raman imaging to evaluate the biodistribution and clearance kinetics of plamonic NPs together with other techniques, including positron emission tomography (microPET), hyperspectral imaging, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) over 48 h post-ingestion, [9] suggesting the reliability of translating high-sensitivity Raman contrast imaging into clinical practice. Therefore, there is high demand for developing strong NP-constructed SERS tags that show great prospects for effective optical guidance of tumor identification and imaging. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) imaging has emerged as a promising tool for guided cancer diagnosis and synergistic therapies, such as combined chemotherapy and photothermal therapy (chemo-PTT). Yet, existing therapeutic agents often suffer from low SERS sensitivity, insufficient photothermal conversion, or/and limited drug loading capacity. Herein, a multifunctional theragnostic nanoplatform consisting of mesoporous silicacoated gold nanostar with a cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-coated gold nanocluster shell (named RGD-pAS@AuNC) is reported that exhibits multiple "hot spots" for pronouncedly enhanced SERS signals and improved nearinfrared (NIR)-induced photothermal conversion efficiency (85.5%), with a large capacity for high doxorubicin (DOX) loading efficiency (34.1%, named RGD/DOX-pAS@AuNC) and effective NIR-triggered DOX release. This nanoplatform shows excellent performance in xenograft tumor model of HeLa cell targeting, negligible cytotoxicity, and good stability both in vitro and in vivo. By SERS imaging, the optimal temporal distribution of injected RGD/ DOX-pAS@AuNCs at the tumor site is identified for NIR-triggered local chemo-PTT toward the tumor, achieving ultraeffective therapy in tumor cells and tumor-bearing mouse model with 5 min of NIR irradiation (0.5 W cm −2 ). This work offers a promising approach to employing SERS imaging for effective noninvasive tumor treatment by on-site triggered chemo-PTT.

The deadly Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak has become one of the most challenging pandemics in the last century. Clinical diagnosis reports a high infection rate within a large population and a rapid mutation rate upon every individual infection. The polymerase chain reaction has been a powerful and gold standard molecular diagnostic technique over the past few decades and hence a promising tool to detect the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid sequences. However, it can be costly and involved in complicated processes with a high demand for on-site tests. This pandemic emphasizes the critical need for designing cost-effective and fast diagnosis strategies to prevent a potential viral source by ultrasensitive and selective biosensors. Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanocomposites have been developed with unique physical and chemical properties crucial for building up nucleic acid and protein biosensors. In this review, we cover various types of 2D TMD biosensors available for virus detection via the mechanisms of photoluminescence/optical, field-effect transistor, surface plasmon resonance, and electrochemical signals. We summarize the current state-of-the-art applications of 2D TMD nanocomposite systems for sensing proteins/nucleic acid from different types of lethal viruses. Finally, we identify and discuss the advantages and limitations of TMD-based nanocomposites biosensors for viral recognition.

Effective immunotherapy treats cancers by eradicating tumourigenic cells by activated tumour antigen-specific and bystander CD8+ T-cells. However, T-cells can gradually lose cytotoxicity in the tumour microenvironment, known as exhaustion. Recently, DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromatin architecture have provided novel insights into epigenetic regulations of T-cell differentiation/exhaustion, thereby controlling the translational potential of the T-cells. Thus, developing strategies to govern epigenetic switches of T-cells dynamically is critical to maintaining the effector function of antigen-specific T-cells. In this mini-review, we 1) describe the correlation between epigenetic states and T cell phenotypes; 2) discuss the enzymatic factors and intracellular/extracellular microRNA imprinting T-cell epigenomes that drive T-cell exhaustion; 3) highlight recent advances in epigenetic interventions to rescue CD8+ T-cell functions from exhaustion. Finally, we express our perspective that regulating the interplay between epigenetic changes and transcriptional programs provides translational implications of current immunotherapy for cancer treatments.

With the advancement of medical and digital technologies, smart skin adhesive patches have emerged as a key player for complex medical purposes. In particular, skin adhesive patches with integrated electronics have created an excellent platform for monitoring health conditions and intelligent medication. However, the efficient design of the adhesive patches is still challenging as it requires a strong combination of network structure, adhesion, physical properties, and biocompatibility. To design an assimilated device, one must have a deep knowledge of various skin adhesive patches. This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent advances in skin-adhesive patches, including hydrogel-based adhesive patches, transdermal patches, and electronic skin (E-skin) patches, for various biomedical applications such as wound healing, drug delivery, biosensing, and health monitoring. Furthermore, the key challenges, implementable strategies, and future designs that can potentially provide researchers in designing innovative multipurpose smart skin patches are discussed. These advanced approaches are promising for managing the health and fitness of patients who require regular medical care.

Chemo/Photothermal Therapy for Cancer Guided by SERS Imaging In article number 2206762, Mo Yang, Siu Hong Dexter Wong, and co‐workers develop a multilayered mesoporous gold nanoarchitecture labeled with Raman reporters for ultraeffective surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) imaging‐guided synergistic therapy toward cancer. This nanoplatform enables efficient xenograft tumor model targeting with sensitive SERS imaging in vitro and in vivo for identifying the tumor cells and optimal therapeutic time point, thereby achieving the highest therapeutic outcome of noninvasive near‐infrared triggered photothermal therapy and hyperthermia enhanced chemotherapy.