No abstract

No abstract

The Field experiments were conducted during 2012-19 to determine the effect of changing weather such as (Tmax, Tmin, Tavg, Solar radiation and CO2 concentration) on grain yield, LAI, Anthesis days and maturity days of four rice cultivars i.e (Swarna sub 1, Sarjoo 52, Pant Dhan 4 and NDR 359) at the college of forestry farm , SHUATS Prayagraj. The DSSAT-CERES rice model was calibrated and validated, for the cultivars under Prayagraj conditions and it was observed that the values i.e Percent error, RMSE, nRMSE and Pearson correlation coefficient (r) were good in agreement and within permissible limit. Among all the four varieties NDR 359 yields more followed by pant dhan 4, Swarna sub 1 and sarjoo-52. The result revealed that by increasing temperature (Tmax, Tmin, Tavg) for all the variety and phenophases the yield got reduced but under increased condition of Solar radiation and CO2 concentration the yield got increased. In case of LAI same result was observed but during the phenophase of flowering to maturity stage of the crop there was no effect found. During the interaction between changing weather with anthesis days and maturity days it was found that the anthesis days and maturity days got increased with increased in Tmax and Tavg. Other weather parameter has no effect on it. The interaction of weather parameter with the yield, LAI, anthesis days and aturity days were found significant at 5% or 1% level for all the four varieties and henophases. The research outcome indicates that, the future farming will be challengeable due to climate change, we must prepare with suitable varieties and crop management plan to tackle the situation.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of climate change on productivity of rice cultivars Swarna sub-1, Sarjoo-52, Pant Dhan 4, and NDR-359 for the years 2030, 2050, 2070, and 2090 for the Prayagraj district of Uttar Pradesh using the Marksim and DSSAT crop simulation model under four different climate change scenarios, namely RCPs 2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5. The model evaluation indicated good performance with both calibration (PE=2.43,6.26,4.31,3.79, RMSE= 132.79, 345.13, 237.44, 237.85, nRMSE = 2.53, 7.31, 4.46, 3.97) and validation (PE =3.58, 10.03, 4.28, 6.09, RMSE = 197.88, 456.35, 238.37, 366.52, nRMSE = 3.95, 10.55, 4.67, 6.39) for Swarna sub-1, Sarjoo-52, Pant Dhan 4 and NDR-359 cultivars respectively, which showed good agreement between anticipated and observed values. For the Prayagraj region, NDR-359 yields the most among the four varieties, followed by Pant Dhan 4, Swarna Sub-1, and Sarjoo-52. By examining the future climate data that MarkSim's weather generator downloaded, it was noticed that all other weather variables, such as solar radiation, average maximum and minimum temperature increases while rainfall decreases. The findings of the study reveal that, among all projection scenarios, the grain yield is greater for RCP 2.6 and lowest for RCP 8.5. Analysis of the expected climate scenario data with yield revealed that the yield was higher in 2030 and lower in 2050. Additionally, it was observed that again in 2090 the yield gets increased for RCP 2.6 & decreased for RCP 4.5,6.0 & 8.5. Among all the four cultivars the yield of Sarjoo-52 will be reduced for RCP 4.5,6.0 & 8.5 for the year of 2050,2070 & 2090.These findings may offer insightful information about possible climate change effects on rice yield and suitable adaptive strategies to minimize the negative effects of future climate change.

El Niño events are large climate disturbances which are originated within the equatorial Pacific, and occur in every 2 to eight years. The developed phase of El Niño is characterized by unusual warm waters at the ocean surface, from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the middle of the equatorial Pacific. This phenomenon is caused by strange weakening of the trade winds blowing westward, which allows warm surface waters to reverse their direction eastward. The climatic impacts of El Niño are amplifying throughout the planet which may show several effects on regional weather. it’s related with wide-ranging changes within the climate system and may cause prominent socio-economic impacts affecting infrastructure, agriculture, health and energy sectors. albeit El Niño appears within the region of tropical Pacific; it’s impact on the worldwide climate and weather phenomena like drought/flooding and tropical storms. the traditional status within the equatorial Pacific is modified due to the raise in greenhouse gases which in turn leads to El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) changes. we are able to assure that ENSO variations will endure and influence the worldwide climate within the coming decades and centuries. Hence, forecasting and interpreting ENSO conditions are essential to both the scientists and therefore the public. during this paper, the occurrence of El Niño and its impact on global climate and socio-economic status has been studied and reviewed from literature.