This study was carried out during the period between November, 2013 and August, 2014 to decrease unfolding, bitterness and tip burns through adopting a new screening method and to produce lettuce seeds and head yields of high qualities. Seeds and plants raised from them were treated with mixtures of [0 and 10 mg.l-1 GA3 + 25 mg.l-1 Fe, 10 mg.l-1 GA3 + 50 mg.l-1 Fe and 10 mg.l-1 GA3+ 75mg.l-1 Fe]. Plants grown on mulched and unmulched soils. Mulched soil plants displayed superiority over bare soil in terms: number of unfolded leaves, stem length and leaves number by 48.75, 110.85 and 22.23%, respectively. However, unmulched soil bypassed mulched soil in T.S.S. and dry matter percentages of folded leaves, unfolded leaves, stem and folded leaf base (23.96, 19.41, 30.59, 22.17, 18.52, 28.6, 18.54 and 27.24%, respectively). Lettuce grown on mulched soil revealed superiority over that grown on bare soil in N content of folded and unfolded leaves (23.1 and 68.75%, respectively), K content of folded leaves, stem and folded leaf base (57.85, 42.02 and 24.43%, respectively), Fe content of stem and folded leaf base (106.11 and 54.02 g.kg-1, respectively), Ca content of folded leaves, unfolded leaves, stem and folded leaf base (424.09, 235.96, 206.02 and 296.78%, respectively). 10 mg.l-1 GA3 + 75 mg.l-1 Fe displayed preponderance over untreated plants in head fresh weight (26.43%), head yield (26.16%), TSS (15.52%), branches number after chopping (92.9%), branch heights (66.98%) leaf number (30.82%), B content of folded leaves and stem (143.23 and 57.89%, respectively), N content of the folded leaf base (49.73%), K content of folded leaves (7.15%), Fe content of stem (152.14%) and Cu content of stem (39.54%). Lettuce plant treated by 10 mg.l-1 GA3 + 50 mg.l-1 Fe grown on mulched soil overwhelmed other dual interaction treatments as it showed the highest values in head fresh weight (821 g), head yield.m-2 (4.93 kg), weight of folded leaves (483.75 g), number of unfolded leaves (23.75) and weight of unfolded leaves (335 g).

The research was conducted in bakrajo district, sulaimaniyah governorate in 2015-2016 season for studying the effects of spraying with seaweed jump start in three levels 0, 0.3 and 0.6 ml L -1 , and three levels 0, 20 and 40 kg P2O5 donum -1 , of phosphorous fertilizing on growth and yield of two spinach varieties (local and French ‫األول‬ ‫للباحث‬ ‫ماجستير‬ ‫رسالة‬ ‫من‬ ‫مستل‬ ‫البحث‬ 

This study was carried out from March to October 2021 at two different locations in Sulaimani governorate, the first location was the University of Sulaimani, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, and the second location located in Sulaimani, Sitak, Kani Naz, the study aimed to indicated the impact of gibberellic acid on seed germination of local tomato seeds, and evaluated the effect of foliar application of boric acid and alpha-Tocopherol (α-Tocopherol ) on the vegetative growth and yield of tomato plants. The seeds were soaked in gibberellic acid at different concentrations (0 ppm, 50 ppm, and 100 ppm), and foliar spraying of boric acid at various levels (0 ppm, 15 ppm, and 30 ppm) started two weeks after transplanting. Also, another foliar applied was α-Tocopherol at different levels (0 ppm, 125 ppm, and 250 ppm) when the plants start to flowering. The results showed that gibberellic acid had a significant effect on the tomato seed germination. Additionally, the result about the interaction between all factors revealed that the interaction among (S1*B2 *E3) had a height significant (p≤0.05) role on the vegetative growth, plant height (135.000 cm), number of branches. Plant -1 (57.000), the highest content of boron in leaves when using (S2*B3*E1) (0.460 mg. kg -1 ), and the highest yield. Plant -1 when using (S3*B2*E1) (3.187 kg). Whereas, all of the factors with all different concentrations had no significant (p˃0.05) effect on leaf area surface in tomato plants.

No abstract