It has been found that in spite of showing concern for the environment and advocating environmentally safe activities, the Indian consumer is still not ready to accept the hard truth that it the responsibility of one and all to minimize their contribution to the overall environmental pollution. This article aims at studying socio-psychological factors which contribute in the formation of environmental attitude of consumers. It further aims at establishing the connection between environmental attitude of the consumer and his/her willingness to buy environmentally friendly products (WTB-EFPs). A conceptual model has been proposed and tested using structural equation modelling (SEM). It has been found that the dimensions, such as environmental knowledge (EK), perceived seriousness of environmental (PSE) problem, interpersonal influence (IPI), collectivism and long-term orientation (LTO), have positive relationship with consumer environmental attitude (CEA). It has also been observed that consumer with favourable environmental attitude expresses their WTB-EFPs. This is an original study conducted for the first time in India using five antecedents of CEA with the application of SEM. No demographic factors have been studied in this article in order to put more focus on their socio-psychological dimensions.
The effect of analyst presence on underpricing has shown a contrasting result. By synthesizing the result using meta-analysis for twelve studies with more than 20400 firms we found conclusive evidence of the relation between analyst presence and underpricing of IPOs. With the increase in analyst presence by 1% the IPO underpricing increases by 4.9%. Moreover, meta-regression between effect size and moderator variables found the significant and positive role of the reputed underwriter to increase underpricing when the IPO has coverage of analysts. Our results are striking for the US market IPOs in which reputed underwriters as moderator affect underpricing significantly and positively which shows reputation increase information asymmetry. Whereas in emerging markets IPOs reputed underwriters increase market efficiency and information symmetry.
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