BACKGROUND Dengue fever is a seasonal and emerging acute mosquito borne arbo-viral illness affecting tropical and subtropical countries. This illness ranges from mild asymptomatic form to severe dengue haemorrhagic fever with or without dengue shock syndrome. In India, the epidemiology of dengue virus infection is very complex and ever changing. Infection has expanded over the last two decades to all regions of the country including hilly states of the northeastern region (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland and Manipur). Aim-To identify dengue seropositive patients by NS1 antigen and anti-dengue IgM antibody detection by ELISA and correlate the changes in epidemiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study done from January 2016 to December 2017 with blood samples tested from clinically suspected cases of dengue virus infection.

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The present study was conductedto determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the organism isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences (JNIMS), Imphal, Manipur for a period of one year. A total of 946 mid-stream urine samples were collected, out of which 285 (30.13%) showed growth of bacteria with significant count. Escherichia coli 123(43.16%) was the commonest bacterial pathogen followed by Klebsiellapneumoniae 51(77.89%), Staphylococcus aureus 43(15.09%), Enterococcus species 26 (9.12%), Proteus species 18 (6.3%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa 14 (4.9%) and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus 10 (3.5%). Most of the strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiellapneumoniae, Staphylococcusaureus showed resistant to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. Sensitivity was highest with gentamicin and netilmicin. Enterococcus, Proteus, Pseudomonas and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus showed resistant to cotrimaxazole and is sensitive to nitrofurantoin, gentamicin and netilmicin.

The initiation of anti-retroviral therapy has reduced the HIV related mortality substantially .But recent reports of decreased efficacy have caused concerns even though it has helped to reduce the burden of opportunistic infections as well as disease progression. This study has been done to study the effect of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) on CD4 + T lymphocyte count in HIV infected and AIDS patients undergoing ART. METHOD: 624 HIV infected patients on ART during the period of February 2007 to February 2009 were included in the study. Effect of ART on CD4+ T lymphocyte count was done in these patients by using Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorter (FACS) count system. RESULTS: Of the 624 patients, 67.46% were males and 32.53% were females. Out of the 624 patients on ART, 95.35% (595/624) showed an increase in CD4 count while 4.64% (29/624) showed a decrease in CD4 count. Of this 89.10% (556/624) showed a continuous increase in their CD4 count without any fluctuation while 6.25% (39/24) showed increase in CD4 count although there was fluctuation during the period of 24 months and 2.88% (18/624) showed a continuous decrease in their CD4 count while 1.76% (11/624) showed decreasing trend although there was fluctuation during the period of 24months. CONCLUSION: The monitoring of CD4 count is useful to check the disease progression and effectiveness of ART.