Background Weight-related stigma has negative physiological and psychological impacts on individuals’ quality of life. Stigmatized individuals may experience higher psychological distress and therefore increase the potential risk to develop obesity and/or food addiction. The present study examined the associations and mediated effect between perceived weight stigma, weight-related self-stigma, and psychological distress in explaining food addiction among Taiwanese university students. Methods All participants (n = 968) completed an online survey which included the Perceived Weight Stigma Questionnaire, Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21, and Yale Food Addiction Scale Version 2. Results After controlling for demographic variables, significant associations were found in the paths from (1) perceived weight stigma to weight-related self-stigma ($$\beta$$ β  = 0.23), psychological distress ($$\beta$$ β  = 0.35), and food addiction ($$\beta$$ β  = 0.23); (2) weight-related self-stigma to psychological distress ($$\beta$$ β  = 0.52) and food addiction ($$\beta$$ β  = 0.59); and (3) psychological distress to food addiction ($$\beta$$ β  = 0.59) (all p-values < 0.001). The mediation model showed the sequential mediated effect of weight-related self-stigma and psychological distress in the association between perceived weight stigma and food addiction. Conclusions The results provide novel insights that weight-related self-stigma and psychological distress sequentially mediated the relationship between perceived weight stigma and food addiction among Taiwanese university students. The findings of the present study could be implemented into interventions that aim to reduce food addiction derived from weight-related stigma. Future studies should consider group analysis to consider confounding factors or other populations to provide more evidence regarding the mechanism of weight-related stigma.

A reliable and valid instrument for understanding patients' perceptions of nurses' caring behaviour as well as assessing the quality of nursing care is necessary. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of a Chinese version of the Caring Assessment Report Evaluation Q-sort (CARE-Q) Scale for the measurement of patients' perceptions of nurses' caring behaviours. The study sample comprised 250 patients from a medical centre in central Taiwan. Content validity, construct validity, internal consistency and stability reliability were assessed. The Content Validity Index of the Chinese version of CARE-Q was 0.90. Cronbach's alpha indicated good internal consistency reliability. Stability reliabilities for the six subscales ranged from 0.83 to 0.92. The results reveal that the Chinese version of the CARE-Q scale for the measurement of patients' perceptions on nurses' caring behaviours indicates high reliability (internal consistency and stability) and good content validity.

Aim: To examine the role of demographic factors, mindfulness, and perceived stress on resilience among nurses.Background: Resilience is an important attribute in the nursing profession although factors affecting it are very diverse. Knowing these factors may help in enhancing nurses' resilience and their subsequent quality healthcare delivery.Method: Utilizing a cross-sectional descriptive survey, a convenience sample was recruited to answer questions assessing resilience, perceived stress, and mindfulness in Taiwan between October and November 2021. Independent t-tests, one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and hierarchical regression were used to analyse the data.Results: A total of 816 nurses participated in the study. Postgraduate degree nurses had lower perceived stress (p = .006) and higher resilience (p = .003) compared with their college and undergraduate counterparts. Nurses working in internal medicine had significantly higher levels of perceived stress (p = .006) and lower levels of mindfulness (p = .005) compared with those in other departments. Single nurses had significantly higher levels of mindfulness (p = .04) but lower levels of resilience (p = .049) than those who were married. Educational level, perceived stress, and mindfulness were all factors that influenced nurses' resilience. Conclusion:Higher educational levels, perceived stress, and mindfulness appear to influence nurses' resilience. Nurses should therefore be encouraged to upgrade themselves academically, attend refresher courses, and learn adaptive coping strategies.Implications for Nursing Management: Hospital authorities should help nurses deal with stressful issues and offer career development opportunities to update, upgrade, and enhance their skillsets in the profession.

Background and aimsStudies have demonstrated that the short-term use of metformin benefits liver function among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, few studies have reported on the effects of long-term metformin treatment on liver function or liver histology. This study investigated the correlation between metformin use and the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among patients with T2DM.MethodsThis population-based study investigated the risk of NAFLD among patients with T2DM who received metformin treatment between 2001-2018. Metformin users and metformin nonusers were enrolled and matched to compare the risk of NAFLD.ResultsAfter 3 years, the patients who received &lt;300 cDDD of metformin and those with metformin use intensity of &lt;10 and 10–25 DDD/month had odds ratios (ORs) of 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06–1.16), 1.08 (95% CI = 1.02–1.13), and 1.18 (95% CI = 1.11–1.26) for NAFLD, respectively. Moreover, metformin users who scored high on the Diabetes Complications and Severity Index (DCSI) were at high risk of NAFLD. Patients with comorbid hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, obesity, and hepatitis C were also at high risk of NAFLD.ConclusionPatients with T2DM who received metformin of &lt;300 cDDD or used metformin at an intensity of &lt;10 and 10–25 DDD/month were at a high risk of developing NAFLD. The results of this study also indicated that patients with T2DM receiving metformin and with high scores on the DCSI were at a high risk of developing NAFLD.