Objective: To design and validate a literature-derived, population-based Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII)TM. Design: The C-DII was developed based on a review of literature through 2010. Dietary data obtained from children in 16 different countries were used to create a reference database for computing C-DII scores based on consumption of macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, and whole foods. Construct validation was performed using quantile regression to assess the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations and C-DII scores. Data Sources: All data used for construct validation were obtained from children between six and 14 years of age (n = 3300) who participated in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2005–2010). Results: The C-DII was successfully validated with blood CRP concentrations in this heterogeneous sample of 3300 children from NHANES (52% male; 29% African American, 25% Mexican American; mean age 11 years). The final model was adjusted for sex, age, race, asthma, body mass index (BMI), and infections. Children in level 3 (i.e., quartiles 3 and 4 combined) of the C-DII (i.e., children with the most pro-inflammatory diets) had a CRP value 0.097 mg/dL higher than that in level 1 (i.e., quartile 1) for CRP values at the 75th percentile of CRP using quantile regression (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The C-DII predicted blood CRP concentrations among children 6–14 years in the NHANES. Further construct validation with CRP and other inflammatory markers is required to deepen understanding of the relationship between the C-DII and markers of inflammation in children.

Background: Trunk neural crest cells (TNCC) are representing a model for epithelial to mesenchymal transition, this correlates the importance of studying the migration of these cells to cancer metastasis. Reptiles are unique group of animals being very morphologically diverse and their close position to synapsid leading to mammals. Recently, more publications focused on the migratory behavior of trunk NCC during embryonic development of squamates. Only one colubrid snake has been studied so far regarding the NCC migration. Results: Here we follow the migratory behavior of TNCC with HNK1 in the elapid snake Naja h. haje from early stage to 14 days postoviposition. Comparing the colubrid snake with the Egyptian cobra showed that both snakes overall follow the same TNCC migratory pathways of both birds and mammals by following the rostral and avoiding the caudal portions of the somites. Conclusions: First, TNCC intra-somitic migration as observed in turtles supports a contributing role for TNCC to scale precursors. Second, our observation of significant numbers of migrating TNCC in the intersomitic pathway suggest interesting evolutionary differences. Together, our present results of the Egyptian cobra in combination with those on a colubrid and turtle supports intersomitic TNCC as a unique reptile phenomena.

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Summary REFRA-FLS is a new registry in Spain aimed at identifying individuals over 50 years of age with a fragility fracture. Using this registry, we found hip fracture is the most prevalent fracture. Treatment for osteoporosis was 87.7%, with 65.3% adherence. REFRA-FLS provides fundamental data in the study of fragility fractures. Purpose Fragility fractures are a growing public health concern in modern-aged societies. Fracture Liaison Services (FLS) have been shown to successfully lower rates of secondary fractures. A new registry (REFRA-FLS) has been created to monitor quality indicators of FLS units in Spain and to explore the occurrence and characteristic of fragility fractures identified by these centers. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study based on fragility fractures recorded in the REFRA-FLS registry. Participants were individuals 50 years or above who suffered a low energy fragility fracture identified by the 10 participating FLS units during the study period. The type of FLS unit, the characteristics of the individuals at baseline, along with patient outcomes as quality indicators among those who completed 1 year of follow-up were analyzed. Results A total of 2965 patients and 3067 fragility fractures were identified, and the most frequent locations were hip (n = 1709, 55.7%) and spine (n = 492, 16.0%). A total of 43 refractures (4.5%) and 46 deaths (4.9%) were observed among 948 individuals in the follow-up analyses. Time from fracture to evaluation was less than 3 months in 76.7% of individuals. Osteoporosis treatment was prescribed in 87.7%, and adherence was 65.3% in Morisky–Green test. Conclusion Our results provide a comprehensive picture of fragility fractures identified in FLS units from Spain. Overall, quality indicators are satisfactory although a much higher use of DXA would be desirable. As the registry grows with the incorporation of new FLS units and longer follow-up, incoming analyses will provide valuable insight.

Introduction: Black women are more likely to experience delays in receipt of breast cancer surgery and adjuvant hormone treatment (AHT) compared to White women. The aim of this study was to assess the effect modifiers that influence the relationship between race and delay in receipt of surgery and AHT among patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Methods: Breast cancer cases were obtained retrospectively from the SC Central Cancer Registry, linked with administrative data from the State Health Plan and Medicaid Plan from 2002 to 2010. The main outcome variables were diagnosis-to-surgery time and diagnosis-to-AHT for breast cancer. The main exposure variable was patient race (White vs Black). Chi-square tests, logistic regression and generalized linear regression analyses were conducted to compare patients' treatment delays among Blacks and Whites to identify effect modifiers in the receipt of delayed treatment. Receipt of surgery was dichotomized into early and late receipt of treatment using the median of 22 days as cut-off. In assessing the relationship between race and time to surgery, the identified effect modifiers were marital status, urban status, and distance to provider of first service. The multivariable logistic model was stratified by the effect modifier variables and each model was adjusted for age, year of diagnosis, hormone-receptor status, stage, grade, and enrolment in Best Chance Network (BCN) program. Results: A total of 2,155 breast cancer patients (nWhites=1557; nBlacks= 598) were reported in the study period. Multivariable logistic regression that adjusted for 8 variables (age, year of diagnosis, hormone receptor status, cancer stage, cancer grade, being in BCN, definitive surgery type and insurance provider) showed that the odds of late receipt of surgery was 1.96 (95% CI: 1.38-2.79) among unmarried Black women compared with unmarried White women and 1.40 (95% CI: 1.08-1.82) among Blacks who live in urban areas compared with White women who lived in urban areas. Result of multivariable generalized linear regression analysis showed that among Blacks who had surgery &gt;30 days after diagnosis, the least square means from diagnosis to AHT were statistically increased by 42 days compared to Whites, while among Blacks who had surgery &gt;60 days after diagnosis, the least square means from diagnosis to AHT were statistically increased by 63 days compared to Whites. Conclusions: Late receipt of surgery was higher among Blacks who were unmarried and lived in rural areas. Those who received late surgery also had a higher likelihood of receiving late AHT. To improve timely receipt of surgery, efforts need to be directed at Black breast cancer patients who are not married and who live in rural areas. Navigation efforts directed at reducing delays in receipt of surgery should also be directed at reducing delays in receipt of AHT. Citation Format: Oluwole A. Babatunde, Swann A. Adams, Jan M. Eberth, Tisha M. Felder, Robert Moran, Samantha N. Truman, Christian Alvarado, James R. Hebert. Effect modifiers of surgery and adjuvant hormone treatment delays among patients diagnosed with breast cancer in South Carolina [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B075.