This study provides empirical support that female caregivers benefit more from a skill-building approach to managing their distress than from support group membership alone. We find it very encouraging that the Latino caregivers responded well on key outcome variables, suggesting that Latinos will participate in clinical research and will benefit from their involvement when services are provided to meet their specific needs.

OBJECTIVETo detect clinical correlates of cognitive abilities and white matter (WM) microstructural changes using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in young children with type 1 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSChildren, ages 3 to <10 years, with type 1 diabetes (n = 22) and age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects (n = 14) completed neurocognitive testing and DTI scans.RESULTSCompared with healthy controls, children with type 1 diabetes had lower axial diffusivity (AD) values (P = 0.046) in the temporal and parietal lobe regions. There were no significant differences between groups in fractional anisotropy and radial diffusivity (RD). Within the diabetes group, there was a significant, positive correlation between time-weighted HbA1c and RD (P = 0.028). A higher, time-weighted HbA1c value was significantly correlated with lower overall intellectual functioning measured by the full-scale intelligence quotient (P = 0.03).CONCLUSIONSChildren with type 1 diabetes had significantly different WM structure (as measured by AD) when compared with controls. In addition, WM structural differences (as measured by RD) were significantly correlated with their HbA1c values. Additional studies are needed to determine if WM microstructural differences in young children with type 1 diabetes predict future neurocognitive outcome.

This paper provides an empirical and conceptual rationale for the relative advantages of psychoeducational programs versus support groups for caregivers of people with dementia. The need for interventions that improve the well being of caregivers is well documented. We reviewed studies that have directly compared support‐based and psychoeducational interventions. Two major strengths of psychoeducational interventions are their emphasis on training caregivers in a variety of cognitive and behavioral skills for coping with caregiving, and their adaptability to caregivers from diverse backgrounds. We present an overview of how caregiver training can be tailored to suit individual needs. Specific examples for working with ethnically diverse caregivers are also offered. Finally, recommendations for the translation of psychoeducational research to clinical practice are provided.

All physicians who practice at health resorts fre¬ quented by patients suffering from pulmonary tubercu¬ losis find that comparatively few of these patients have any conception of their real condition, and in the rarest instances have they been carefully instructed as to the necessities for recovery.The profession generally seems to be of the opinion that tuberculous patients should not be told the nature of their trouble, but the average tuberculous patient generally finds out the true nature of his disease, and when he does he loses faith in his physicians, and fre¬ quently, very justly, will censure them for not telling him the truth.How is it possible to get the cooperation of the patient; to have him use care in the disposal of expec¬ toration ; to avoid violence and over-exertion in exercise, and many other things so important in the detail man¬ agement of the case, if he does not even know that he has a serious trouble with which to deal ?The truth may depress him; probably it will for a short time, but it will not do him near the harm that his ignorance will result in, if he does not appreciate his condition. Every state and municipality is awaking to the danger of infection from the dried sputum of tuber¬ culous patients. Our journals are full of papers advo¬ cating antispitting ordinances, institutions for the tu¬ berculous poor and other safeguards intended to protect the public. But why, pray, should we have ordinances and legislation unless the patient is always to know the truth? Legislation Ave need, but avo first need more candor on the part of the physicians.Formerly a diagnosis was only made in the advanced cases.The patients all promptly died. Result: the laity Avatched these cases and observed, "they all die." But little idea was ever entertained in those days of the danger to others. We, as physicians, by our tardy diag¬ nosis, have educated the public to the belief that the disease is uniformly fatal.It is the duty of the physician to explain to the patient the dangers to himself and to others ; to point out where he is most apt to make mistakes; to give explicit direc¬ tions regarding his l^gienic life, including diet, exer¬ cise, work, physical or mental application, secretion and excretion, sexual relation, and in fact, to go fully into the whole question of the hygienic life. Such instruc¬ tion on the part of the physician is much more import¬ ant than the prescribing of drugs with an idea of "cure" in this disease. These instructions and directions should apply to the incipient as Avell as the advanced cases. To get the cooperation of an incipient case (and his cooperation is of the most vital importance) he must knoAv the truth.The patient should thoroughly understand the pos¬ sibilities of communicating the disease to others, and also that he can infect sound tissues in his own lung if he is not careful in following directions for disposal of expectoration. How can we expect care on his part if he does not understand the danger, both to himself and his friends? Many will use care on a...