The high prevalence found demonstrates the need for further studies to better understand the epidemiology of the disease and to establish prevention and control measures.

Background:There are no studies of potential zoonotic diseases in Mapuche communities' horses. Objectives:The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in horses of the Mapuche communities. Study design:This was a cross-sectional study.Methods: Faecal samples from 100 randomly selected horses (n = 100) were taken from rural Mapuche communities from four municipalities from the Araucanía Region.These samples were processed with the modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique and grouped by sex, age and municipality. Results:The general prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was 67.0% (n = 67). The prevalence was 51.0% (n = 51) in males and 49.0% (n = 49) in females, and there is no gender association to the presentation of Cryptosporidium spp. The prevalence by municipality was 60.0%, 80.0%, 64.0% and 64.0% in Curarrehue, Lonquimay, Padre las Casas and Teodoro Schmidt, respectively. The above shows no significant association between the sector and the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. The prevalence by age was 95.4% of horses tested positive for Cryptosporidium between birth and 6 years of age. About 27.3% of horses were tested positive in the age group between 7 and 10 years. There was no presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in the age group older than 11 years, showing a significant relationship between the age of the animal and the presence of Cryptosporidium (P ˂ 0.05). Main limitations:The sample analysis did not specifically identify the type of Cryptosporidium, and it was not possible to evaluate the zoonotic risk in the Mapuche communities.Conclusions: Cryptosporidium spp. is present in working horses in Mapuche communities, with a 67.7% general prevalence, and there is a significant association between this parasite and the age of the horses, being higher in the age group between 0 and 6 years, with a prevalence of 95.4%. There may be a potential zoonotic risk in the Mapuche communities.

RESUMENLa solución para las tendinitis sufridas por los equinos deportivos ha sido, por años, el dilema de los médicos veterinarios que se dedican a tratar este tipo de lesiones. La medicina regenerativa, utilizando células madre del mismo paciente, surge como un método innovador que permite atravesar la barrera de resolución mantenida en el tiempo y con ventajas que superan a las terapias tradicionales, que no proporcionan una recuperación total. Se han descrito la médula ósea y el tejido adiposo como fuentes principales de extracción de células madre. Ambos conllevan un proceso distinto de concentración celular que finalmente termina como un producto que debe ser inyectado en el tendón afectado y, dadas las características típicas de lesión núcleo presentadas en el tejido dañado, puede ser depositado en el centro de éste. El resultado esperado es la regeneración del tendón, sin exceso de tejido fibroso, observando alineación de las fibras tendíneas, disminución de la infiltración inflamatoria y zona hemorrágica. Con un programa de rehabilitación que incluya reposo y ejercicio progresivo, el equino vuelve a su estado competitivo óptimo. La factibilidad de realizar esta terapia en nuestra ubicación geográfica es posible, ya que la técnica de extracción desde ambas fuentes es simple y dentro de las opciones de concentración celular, siendo la del tejido adiposo más sencilla ya que requiere menos elementos y menor tiempo, ejecutándose la terapia en la etapa aguda de la lesión. La utilización de células madre en equinos es un tema de investigación creciente, que promete resultados alentadores.

We conclude that dogs are infected by B. canis in a low range but remains a risk condition to the health of the human population if not maintained adequate sanitary control of pets, like vague dogs.

As a result of their intense physical activity, racehorses suffer high tendon stress which may result in various pathologies. One of these is tendonitis in the tendon of the superficial digital flexor muscle (TSDFM). Conventional treatment with rest, has not shown to be very effective, and regenerative medicine through the application mesenchymal stem cells appears to be a promising therapy. The objective of this work was to assess the effect of the application of autologous MSC on reduction of the scar length in recurrent TSDFM tendinitis in Holsteiner horses, using image analysis. This study included two groups of five animals each: A control group that received conventional treatment (CG) and an experimental group which was also treated with intralesional injections of MSC (EG). Scar evolution was assessed by echographic analysis, with measurements taken of the scar length over a four month period; the length at month zero, was taken as the initial value of 100 %. During the first month, the mean scar length diminished to 81.14 % (EG) and 95.85 % (CG); after the second month, lengths were 64.4 % (EG) and 92.3 % (CG); following the third month lengths were 51.92 % (EG) and 87.42 % (CG); finally at the end of the fourth month the lengths recorded were 26.7 % (EG) and 83.92 % (CG). These results show that treatment with autologous MSC helps TSDFM scar length was significantly reduced, as compared to conventional treatment.