Diabetes mellitus is one of the serious global health problems affecting a significant proportion of both developed and developing countries. Overproduction of free radicals and oxidative stress has been associated with the development of diabetic complications. In the present study, the antioxidant effects of metformin (MET), glibenclamide (GLI), and repaglinide (REP) were evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The findings from this study may possibly help in understanding the efficacy of these standard drugs in managing the complications arising from diabetes mellitus (DM). Alloxan (130 mg/kg BW) was administered as a single dose to induce diabetes. Four (4) groups of rats (n = 6) were used; group 1 served as diabetic control while groups 2, 3, and 4 were the diabetic test groups that received MET (25 mg/kg), GLI (2.5 mg/kg), and REP (0.5 mg/kg), respectively. The result of the study showed significant (p < 0.05) improvement in the altered antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT) and GSH concentration in diabetic treated rats compared with the diabetic control group. MET and REP produced significant effect on the MDA concentration while GLI showed insignificant reduction in the MDA concentration compared with the diabetic control. Findings from this study suggest that the administration of MET, GLI, and REP exerts significant antioxidant effects in alloxan-induced diabetic rats, thus contributing to the protective effect against oxidative stress-induced damage during diabetic complications.

The synthesis and biological activity of N-heteroaryl substituted benzene sulphonamides (3a–h) were successful. Simple condensation reaction of benzene sulphonyl chloride (1) with substituted heteroaromatic compounds (2a–h) under dry pyridine and acetone gave the target molecules (3a–h) in good to excellent yield. The compounds were characterized using FTIR, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR. The compounds were screened for antibacterial activity against E. coli, Salmonella typhi, P. aeruginosa, B. cereus, K. pneumonia, and Sarcina  lutea and antifungal activity against C. albicans and A. niger. The results of the antimicrobial activity showed improved biological activity against some tested organisms.

Background: The existence of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), characterized by elevation in markers of oxidative stress/lipid peroxidation (8-hydroxyguanosine, malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxynonenal) and reduction in antioxidant status (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione) is scientifically documented. We hypothesize that a good treatment regimen for BPH should return the pro-oxidant/antioxidant status to normal; hence, pro-oxidant/antioxidant status is an indirect indicator of treatment response. In this study, the effect of crude methanol extract (CME) of Zapoteca portoricensis root and its methanol (MF) and ethyl acetate (EAF) fractions on the pro-oxidant/antioxidant status of experimentally-induced BPH was investigated. Methods: Forty-five Wistar albino rats (7 weeks, 180-200 g) used in this study were divided into nine groups (n = 5). Group 1 served as normal control. BPH was induced in groups 2-9 by daily subcutaneous administration of dihydrotestosterone (400 μg/mL) and estradiol (80 μg/mL) for 28 days. Group 2 served as BPH-control (was left untreated) while group 3 received dutesteride (Avodart ® ). Groups 4 and 5, 6 and 7, and 8 and 9 received, by gavage 200 and 400 mg/kg/d b.w. of CME, 200 and 400 mg/kg/d b.w. of MF, and 200 and 400 mg/kg/d b.w. of EAF, respectively for 14 days. Results: There were increased prostatic specific (PSA) and malondialdehyde but reduced antioxidant status in BPH-control relative to normal control. At 400 mg/kg/d b.w, CME, MF and EAF decreased prostatic specific antigen by 55.91%, 57.54% and 56.75%, respectively comparable to 58.80% by dutesteride. In addition, the results of histological assessment of prostate tissues of the experimental rats fed extracts demonstrate an improved prostate status. Conclusion: The extracts returned the pro-oxidant/antioxidant status modified by BPH to normal. These findings may justify the plant's folkloric use and suggest that extracts can be exploited further as potential source of entities for managing BPH.