The results of this study support the idea that DA are preferentially associated with certain patterns of malocclusion.

The identification of clinical patterns of tooth agenesis in individuals born with craniofacial deformities may be a useful tool for risk determination of these defects. We hypothesize that specific craniofacial deformities are associated with third molar agenesis. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify if third molar agenesis could have a relation with other craniofacial structure alterations, such as cleft lip and palate, skeletal malocclusion, or specific growth patterns in humans. Design: Data were obtained from 550 individuals ascertained as part of studies aiming to identify genetic contributions to oral clefts. 831 dental records of patients aged over eight years seeking orthodontic treatment were also included. SN-GoGn angle were used to classify the growth pattern (hypo-divergent, normal and hyper-divergent), and the ANB angle was used to verify the skeletal malocclusion pattern (Class I, II and III). Panoramic radiographs were used to determine third molar agenesis. Results: A high frequency of third molar agenesis among individuals born with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (55%), as well as among their relatives (93.5%) was found. Third molar agenesis was not associated to skeletal malocclusion or growth pattern. Conclusion: It appears that third molar agenesis is associated with the disturbances that lead to cleft lip and palate.

Summary Objective Verify the presence of association between four variables—transforming growth factor α (TGFA; C/T rs1523305), interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6; A/C rs2013162), muscle segment homeobox 1 (MSX1; A/G rs12532), and dental anomalies—with skeletal malocclusion by comparing these four variables with Angle Classes I, II, and III, and normal, hyperdivergent, and hypodivergent growth patterns. Methods A total of 505 orthodontic records of patients older than 8 years were evaluated. The sample consisted of 285 (56.4 per cent) females, 220 (43.6 per cent) males, 304 (60.2 per cent) Whites (the rest were mixed Blacks with Whites), with a mean age of 20.28 (±10.35) years (ranging from 8 to 25 years). Eight cephalometric points, which served as the anatomical framework for obtaining angles and cephalometric measurements, were used for skeletal characterization using the Dolphin Software. Samples of saliva were collected and the DNA was extracted, diluted and quantified. Markers in TGFA, IRF6, and MSX1 were used and genotypes were obtained using TaqMan chemistry. Odds ratio (OR) and 95 per cent confidence interval (CI) calculations, chi-square, Fisher’s Exact, Mann–Whitney, and correlation coefficient tests (significance level: 95 per cent) were performed. Bonferroni correction was applied and an alpha of 0.0006 was considered statistically significant. Results There was no statistically significant associations between markers in TGFA or IRF6 with skeletal malocclusions. Tooth agenesis was associated with facial convexity (P < 0.001). MSX1 was associated with Class II skeletal malocclusion (P = 0.0001, OR = 0.6, CI = 0.46–0.78). Conclusion Individuals with tooth agenesis were more likely to have a convex face. MSX1 was associated with Class II skeletal malocclusion.

Objec&ve:To determine whether individuals with skeletal discrepancies of Class II or III display a higher frequency of dental anomalies in comparison with individuals with Class I malocclusion. Design: A systematic search of the main electronic medical scienti2ic literature databases was conducted. Observational studies were selected if mentioning dental anomalies in the different skeletal malocclusion patterns. Results: A total of 4,768 studies were found and the duplicated studies (1,279) were removed, resulting in 3,489 papers to be analyzed. After screening by title, 138 were 2it for screening by abstract. After that, a total of 13 papers were carefully read in full. Five studies included dental anomaly frequencies in orthodontic patients and included 7,679 participants. The frequency of dental anomalies ranged from 11.2% to 40.3%. It was observed that individuals with skeletal discrepancies of Class II and III had more dental anomalies when compared to individuals with Class I. Conclusion: Individuals with skeletal malocclusion patterns have more dental anomalies and there is an association between dental anomalies and skeletal Class II or Class III malocclusion patterns. Cita%on: Fernandez CCA, et al. (2020) Dental anomalies in orthodon&c pa&ents with and without skeletal discrepancies. Den5stry 3000. 1:a001

.