No abstract

Surgical simulation has many applications in medical education, surgical training, surgical planning, and intra-operative assistance. However, extending current surface-based computer graphics methods to model phenomena such as the deformation, cutting, tearing, or repairing of soft tissues poses significant challenges for real-time interactions. This paper discusses the use of volumetric methods for modeling complex anatomy and tissue interactions. New techniques are introduced that use volumetric methods for modeling soft tissue deformation and tissue cutting at interactive rates. An initial prototype for simulating arthroscopic knee surgery is described which uses volumetric models of the knee derived from 3D Magnetic Resonance Imaging, visual feedback via real-time volume and polygon rendering, and haptic feedback provided by a force feedback device. To be published in Journal of Medical Image Analysis, December, 1997.This work may not be copied or reproduced in whole or in part for any commercial purpose. Permission to copy i n whole or in part without payment of fee is granted for nonprofit educational and research purposes provided that all such whole or partial copies include the following: a notice that such copying is by permission of Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories of Cambridge, Massachusetts; an acknowledgment of the authors and individual contributions to the work; and all applicable portions of the copyright notice. Copying, reproduction, or republishing for any other purpose shall require a license with payment of fee to Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories. All rights reserved. Copyright © Mitsubishi Electric Information AbstractSurgical simulation has many applications in medical education, surgical training, surgical planning, and intra-operative assistance. However, extending current surfacebased computer graphics methods to model phenomena such as the deformation, cutting, tearing, or repairing of soft tissues poses significant challenges for real-time interactions. This paper discusses the use of volumetric methods for modeling complex anatomy and tissue interactions. New techniques are introduced that use volumetric methods for modeling soft tissue deformation and tissue cutting at interactive rates. An initial prototype for simulating arthroscopic knee surgery is described which uses volumetric models of the knee derived from 3D Magnetic Resonance Imaging, visual feedback via real-time volume and polygon rendering, and haptic feedback provided by a force feedback device.

In this paper we propose new visual interface technology to address multidimensional data exploration and browsing tasks. MultiNav, a prototype from GTE Laboratories, is based upon a multidimensional information model that affords new data exploration and semantically structured browsing interactions. The primary visual metaphor is based on sliding rods, each of which is associated with an information dimension from the underlying model. Users can interactively select value ranges along the rods in order to reveal hidden relationships as well as query and restrict the set through direct manipulation. A novel focus+context view is afforded in which detail about individual items is revealed within the context of the global multidimensional attribute space. We propose a novel interaction technique to change focus, which is based on dragging rods from side to side. We relate this work on multidimensional information visualization to other research in the area, including Parallel Coordinates, Dynamic Histograms, Dynamic Queries, and focus+context tables.* KeywordsVisual interface design, multidimensional information visualization, focus+context, shopping interfaces.