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Microservice architecture style has been gaining wide impetus in the software engineering industry. Researchers and practitioners have adopted the microservices concepts into several application domains such as the internet of things, cloud computing, service computing, and healthcare. Applications developed in alignment with the microservices principles require an underlying platform with management capabilities to coordinate the different microservice units and ensure that the application functionalities are delivered to the user. A multitude of approaches has been proposed for the various tasks in microservices-based systems. However, since the field is relatively young, there is a need to organize the different research works. In this study, we present a comprehensive review of the research approaches directed toward microservice architectures and propose a multilevel taxonomy to categorize the existing research. The study also discusses the different distributed computing paradigms employing microservices and identifies the open research challenges in the domain.

The concept of virtualization forms the heart of systems like the Cloud and Grid. Efficiency of systems that employ virtualization greatly depends on the efficiency of the technique used to allocate the virtual machines to suitable hosts. The literature contains many evolutionary approaches to solve the virtual machine allocation problem, a broad category of which employ Genetic Algorithm. This paper proposes a novel technique to allocate virtual machines using the Family Gene approach. Experimental analysis proves that the proposed approach reduces energy consumption and the rate of migrations, and hence offers much scope for future research.

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Distributed Cloud environments are now resorting to Cloud applications composed of heterogeneous microservices. Cloud service providers strive to provide high quality of service (QoS) and response time is one of the key QoS attributes for microservices. The dynamism of microservice ecosystems necessitates runtime adaptations and microservices rescheduling to avoid performance degradation. Existing works target rescheduling in hypervisor‐based systems, while ignoring the influence of configuration parameters of container‐based microservices. In an effort to address these challenges, this article describes a novel microservice rescheduling framework, throttling and interaction‐aware anticorrelated rescheduling for microservices, to proactively perform rescheduling activities whilst ensuring timely service responses. Based on periodic monitoring of the performance attributes, the framework schedules container migrations. Considering the exponentially large solution space, a metaheuristic approach based on multiverse optimization is developed to generate the near‐optimal mapping of microservices to the datacenter resources. Experimental results indicate that our framework provides superior performance with a reduction of up to 13.97% in the average response time, when compared with systems with no support for rescheduling.